Table 4.

Associations between SUD and hospitalization for chronic ACSCs among beneficiaries with chronic illnesses, 2012, Missouri, US.

Covariates	Part 1: binary modela			Part 2: negative binomial modelb
	Est.	aOR	95% CI	Est.	SE	95% CI
Intercept	− 4.86	0.01	0.01–0.01	0.87	0.09	0.71–1.04
Non-SUD	Referent		–	Referent	–	–
SUD	0.28	1.33	1.19–1.48	− 0.02	0.04	− 0.10–0.06
Age group
18–29	Referent	–	–	Referent	–	–
30–39	0.05	1.05	0.87–1.27	0.02	0.08	− 0.13–0.18
40–49	0.001	1.00	0.84–1.19	− 0.10	0.07	− 0.24–0.04
50–59	− 0.09	0.92	0.78–1.09	− 0.18	0.07	− 0.32–−0.05
60 +	− 0.14	0.87	0.72–1.05	− 0.20	0.08	− 0.36–−0.05
Gender
Female	Referent	–	–	Referent	–	–
Male	0.07	1.08	0.98–1.18	0.13	0.04	0.06–0.20
Race/ethnicity
Caucasian	Referent	–	–	Referent	–	–
African American	0.42	1.53	1.38–1.69	0.09	0.04	0.01–0.17
Others	0.11	1.11	0.90–1.37	− 0.03	0.09	− 0.20–0.14
Residential location
Metropolitan	Referent	–	–	Referent	–	–
Micropolitan	− 0.18	0.84	0.74 − 0.96	− 0.08	0.06	− 0.18–0.03
Small town	− 0.12	0.88	0.77–1.01	− 0.002	0.06	− 0.11–0.12
Rural	− 0.22	0.80	0.69–0.93	− 0.08	0.06	− 0.20–0.05
Chronic physical illnesses
Diabetes	1.01	2.73	2.48–3.01	0.20	0.04	0.12–0.28
Hypertension	− 0.11	0.90	0.82–0.99	− 0.01	0.04	− 0.09–0.07
Heart failure	1.10	3.01	2.70–3.35	0.12	0.04	0.04–0.20
COPD/asthma	0.78	2.18	1.99–2.40	0.04	0.04	− 0.04–0.12
Overall comorbidity	0.26	1.30	1.27–1.32	0.14	0.01	0.12–0.15
Serious mental illnesses	− 0.34	0.71	0.65–0.79	0.002	0.04	− 0.08–0.08
Non-psychotic mental illnesses	0.15	1.16	1.05–1.28	0.17	0.04	0.09–0.25
Developmental/intellectual mental disorders	− 0.75	0.47	0.32–0.70	− 0.46	0.17	− 0.80–−0.12
Nicotine use disorders	0.45	1.56	1.43–1.71	0.09	0.04	0.12–0.28

^aPart 1 (zero-inflated part) modeled the likelihood of hospitalization for chronic ACSCs in terms of odds ratios.

^bPart 2 modeled the length of hospital stay for chronic ACSCs.