Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for study participants by age group in younger and older females.
| Alla (N = 2232) |
Adolescents (n = 337) |
Young adults (n = 721) |
Middle-aged Adults (n = 847) |
Older adults (n = 327) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (%) | 11.26 (0.95) | 35.29 (1.57) | 42.86 (1.25) | 10.59 (0.72) | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 69.67 (3.28) | 60.76 (4.28) | 64.37 (4.01) | 72.83 (3.34) | 83.99 (3.55) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 11.85 (1.90) | 16.59 (2.28) | 13.29 (2.27) | 10.46 (1.83) | 7.63 (2.28) |
| Mexican | 8.12 (1.55) | 12.24 (2.83) | 10.88 (2.28) | 5.94 (1.07) | 3.38 (1.04) |
| Hispanic & others | 10.36 (1.54) | 10.41 (2.95) | 11.46 (1.60) | 10.77 (1.70) | 5.01 (1.62) |
| BMI (%) | |||||
| Normal | 42.59 (1.63) | 69.31 (2.59) | 43.57 (3.07) | 35.83 (1.79) | 38.23 (3.34) |
| Overweight | 29.04 (1.50) | 19.20 (2.77) | 26.64 (1.80) | 31.68 (2.54) | 36.77 (2.93) |
| Obese | 28.38 (1.35) | 11.49 (2.73) | 29.79 (2.62) | 32.48 (2.17) | 25.00 (2.86) |
| MVRPA (%) | |||||
| I-MVRPA | 62.38 (2.35) | 42.50 (3.34) | 57.56 (2.60) | 67.95 (3.79) | 77.00 (3.14) |
| S-MVRPA | 37.62 (2.35) | 57.50 (3.34) | 42.44 (2.60) | 32.05 (3.79) | 23.00 (3.14) |
| Sedentary time (min·day− 1) | 338.04 (7.17) | 463.97 (9.05) | 325.51 (11.36) | 320.66 (9.51) | 316.33 (13.56) |
| BMC (g) | |||||
| Femur | 29.56 (0.21) | 28.54 (0.57) | 30.54 (0.30) | 29.61 (0.33) | 27.20 (0.32) |
| Spine | 57.87 (0.37) | 52.57 (1.00) | 61.01 (0.48) | 58.12 (0.70) | 52.06 (0.65) |
| BMD (g·cm− 2) | |||||
| Femur | 0.93 (0.01) | 0.94 (0.01) | 0.98 (0.01) | 0.92 (0.01) | 0.81 (0.01) |
| Spine | 1.02 (0.01) | 0.97 (0.01) | 1.07 (0.01) | 1.01 (0.01) | 0.93 (0.01) |
| Supplement intake | |||||
| Vitamin D (μg) | 3.70 (0.11) | 3.42 (0.32) | 3.42 (0.20) | 3.96 (0.16) | 3.85 (0.19) |
| Calcium (mg) | 844.39 (23.97) | 821.37 (53.41) | 853.64 (25.88) | 856.54 (31.40) | 788.82 (25.38) |
| Magnesium (mg) | 257.64 (7.30) | 207.16 (11.98) | 255.26 (9.38) | 276.33 (8.50) | 243.63 (7.08) |
| Sugar (g) | 108.34 (2.38) | 117.21 (5.61) | 112.93 (3.71) | 106.67 (3.53) | 90.43 (2.48) |
| Protein (g) | 67.60 (1.24) | 61.28 (2.33) | 68.90 (1.42) | 70.17 (2.06) | 59.58 (0.95) |
| Milk consumption | |||||
| No Milk | 16.02 (0.70) | 12.69 (2.28) | 12.32 (1.31) | 18.74 (1.25) | 20.89 (3.25) |
| > 1 glass/day | 83.98 (0.70) | 87.31 (2.28) | 87.68 (1.31) | 81.26 (1.25) | 79.11 (3.25) |
| Smokingb | |||||
| Yes | 17.86 (1.62) | – | 22.72 (2.17) | 20.55 (2.95) | 9.78 (1.72) |
| No | 82.14 (1.62) | 100 | 77.28 (2.17) | 79.45 (2.95) | 90.22 (1.72) |
| Osteoporosis historyc | |||||
| Yes | 4.68 (0.66) | – | 0.64 (0.55) | 5.37 (1.25) | 20.37 (2.36) |
| No | 95.32 (0.66) | 100 | 99.36 (0.55) | 94.63 (1.25) | 79.63 (2.36) |
| Prednisone or cortisoned | |||||
| Yes | 4.90 (0.70) | – | 97.11 (0.72) | 93.30 (1.02) | 90.48 (1.50) |
| No | 95.10 (0.70) | 100 | 2.89 (0.72) | 6.70 (1.02) | 9.52 (1.50) |
| Menopausal statuse | |||||
| Menopause/hysterectomy | 33.43 (1.32) | – | 2.67 (0.85) | 52.13 (2.26) | 95.78 (1.23) |
| Others/No | 66.57 (1.32) | 100 | 93.33 (0.85) | 47.87 (2.26) | 4.22 (1.23) |
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; MVRPA = self-reported moderate- to vigorous-intensity recreational physical activity (activities of at least 10 min continuously that cause small to a large increases in breathing or heart rates); I-MVRPA = insufficient MVRPA (0 to < 150 min·week− 1 for adults and < 60 min·day− 1 for adolescents); S-MVRPA = sufficient MVRPA (≥ 150 min·week− 1 for adults and > 60 min·day− 1 for adolescents); BMC = bone mineral content; BMD = bone mineral density.
All values are presented as a percentage (%) and standard error (SE) for categorical variables, and mean and SE for continuous variables.
Adolescents = ages 12 to 17, young adults = 18 to 39, middle-aged adults = 40 to 64, old adults = ages 65 and older.
Smoking = smoking status at the time of survey.
Osteoporosis history = ever treated for osteoporosis (yes vs. no/don't know/no response).
Prednisone or cortisone = ever taken prednisone or cortisone daily (yes vs. no/no response).
Menopausal status = not having regular periods due to menopause or hysterectomy (yes vs. no); not including adolescents.