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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2013 Apr 10;25(2):160–166. doi: 10.1038/jes.2013.16

Figure 2. Observed bias (median, 82% interval) in the RR per unit increase in concentration for the three metrics relative to the RR estimated using true population-weighted average (TPWA).

Figure 2

The x-axis is the slope of the relationship between the error (Z-ZTPWA) and the measurement (Z). Bias is presented on the y-axis. Data points represent each of the 12 pollutants (unlabeled) for each of the three metrics. A 1:1 line is shown for reference.