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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2013 Apr 10;25(2):160–166. doi: 10.1038/jes.2013.16

TABLE 2.

Median bias per unit increase in pollutant concentration and 82% interval (5th lowest value, 5th highest value from the 50 simulations) caused by Berkson error.

Median Bias 82% Interval
NO2 2.88% (−1.94%, 12.57%)
NOx 12.32% (2.72%, 20.65%)
CO 6.81% (−2.37%, 16.96%)
SO2 23.91% (18.29%, 29.99%)
O3 2.21% (−14.32%, 15.48%)
PM10 0.07% (−6.56%, 10.55%)
PM2.5 0.37% (−12.12%, 12.64%)
SO4 −1.09% (−10.81%, 9.66%)
NO3 1.67% (−4.66%, 9.65%)
NH4 2.04% (−7.4%, 11.37%)
EC 4.86% (−1.29%, 11.69%)
OC 1.98% (−5.27%, 8.02%)

Abbreviations: 1-hr maximum nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2); 8-hr maximum ozone (O3); and 24-hr average particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), PM2.5 sulfate (SO4) , PM2.5 nitrate (NO3), PM2.5 ammonium (NH4), PM2.5 elemental carbon (EC), and PM2.5 organic carbon (OC).