Table 3.

A sample of some published results for the validation of underwater camera calibrations.

Technique	Validation	Percentage Error
Absorption [47]	Length measurement of silhouettes or rods throughout the volume	0.2%–0.7%
Lens distortion grid [17]	Caliper measurements of Chinook Salmon	1.5%
Absorption [6]	Caliper measurements of Southern Bluefin Tuna	0.2%
Perspective shift [64]	Flat reference plate and straight line re-construction	0.4%
Absorption [40]	Similarity transformation between above and below water networks	0.3%
Radial lens distortion correction [72]	Distances on checkerboard	0.9%–1.5%
Absorption [41]	Length measurements of a rod throughout the volume	0.5%
Perspective shift [65]	Flat reference plate and distance between spheres	0.4%–0.7%