Table 3.
Task | Type of measure | T1 mean (s.d.) | T2 mean (s.d.) | T3 mean (s.d.) | T4 mean (s.d.) | T1/T2 | T2/T3 | T3/T4 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T-test | P-value | Effect size | T-test | P-value | Effect size | T-test | P-value | ||||||
Auditory attention | Correct resp. (A) | 32.83 (19.30) | 31.33 (5.15) | 45.16 (6.71) | 45.25 (2.85) | 0.29 | 0.77 | 6.35 | 0.001*** | 2.31 | 0.04 | 0.96 | |
Correct resp. (B) | 29.25 (12.31) | 30.16 (6.64) | 38.80 (8.58) | 38.50 (8.63) | 0.39 | 0.70 | 4.25 | 0.01** | 1.12 | 0.14 | 0.89 | ||
Total (s.d. from norm) | −1.0 (0.83) | −1.00 (0.31) | −0.36 (0.54) | −0.25 (0.62) | 0.01 | 0.99 | 5.72 | 0.001*** | 3.09 | 1.48 | 0.17 | ||
Visuo-spatial attention | Correct resp. (A) | 19.66 (1.15) | 19.91 (0.28) | 2.00 (0.00) | 19.91 (0.28) | 0.71 | 0.49 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 1.01 | 0.33 | ||
Correct resp. (B) | 14.00 (3.83) | 16.90 (3.20) | 17.00 (2.76) | 16.60 (3.11) | −3.77 | 0.003** | 0.82 | 0.16 | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.42 | ||
Total (s.d. from norm) | −0.86 (1.0) | −0.50 (0.77) | −0.69 (1.12) | −0.72 (1.03) | 1.77 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 0.62 | 0.11 | 0.91 | |||
Working memory: Digit span (s.d. from norm) | Forward (s.d. from norm) | 1.51 (1.10) | 1.22 (1.05) | 1.13 (0.98) | 0.87 (1.36) | −1.08 | 0.30 | 0.44 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.51 | ||
Backward (s.d. from norm) | −1.07 (0.52) | −0.99 (0.47) | −0.83 (0.63) | −0.59 (0.88) | 0.40 | 0.68 | 0.75 | 0.47 | 1.04 | 0.32 | |||
Rhythm reproduction | Errors | 1.16 (3.07) | 9.58 (2.81) | 8.25 (2.17) | 9.33 (2.08) | 0.61 | 0.55 | 1.34 | 0.21 | −1.82 | 0.09 |
Children' levels of performance were measured four times (T1, 6 weeks before CMT started; T2, just before CMT; T3, just after CMT; T4, 6 weeks after CMT ended). Mean and standard deviation or s.d. from norms (when indicated) for each task are reported. Student T-tests and p-values were computed; significant improvements are in bold (
p < 0.001;
p < 0.01). Effect sizes are also reported when relevant (Cohen's d).