Table 1. The characteristics of participants according to new onset depressive symptoms at 6-year follow-up.
|
Status at follow-upa |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-depressed (n=3534) | Depressive symptoms (n=328) | P-value for difference | |
| Age at baseline | 64.4±8.2 | 66.5±8.7 | <0.001 |
| Sex (%men) | 1654 (46.8) | 124 (37.8) | <0.001 |
| Cigarette smokers (%) | 466 (13.2) | 66 (20.1) | <0.001 |
| Vigorous physical activity (%) | 1251 (35.4) | 78 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| Regular alcohol intake (% daily) | 887 (25.1) | 78 (23.8) | 0.042 |
| Wealth (% in highest quintile) | 997 (28.2) | 60 (18.3) | <0.001 |
| Prevalent diseaseb (%) | |||
| Cardiovascular disease/diabetes | 1202 (34.0) | 158 (48.2) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 399 (11.3) | 54 (16.5) | 0.002 |
| Arthritis | 1467 (41.5) | 180 (54.9) | <0.001 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 31.2±11.2 | 27.4±10.5 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg m−2) | 27.8±4.7 | 28.6±5.4 | 0.004 |
a
All participants were free of depressive symptoms at baseline.
b
Accumulative prevalence from baseline through follow-up. Data presented as mean ±s.d. unless otherwise stated.