Table 2. Predictive Variables for Recurrence in Filipinos with Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.
| Variable | Presence of recurrence | Absence of recurrence | Odds ratio | P value <0.05 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Papillary thyroid cancer | ||||
| Number | 214 | 435 | ||
| Male sex | 43 (20.1) | 53 (12.2) | 1.96 | <0.001 |
| Age >45 yr | 110 (51.4) | 184 (42.3) | 1.60 | 0.001 |
| Family history | 4 (1.9) | 4 (0.9) | 1.50 | 0.422 |
| Smoking history | 39 (18.2) | 32 (7.4) | 2.66 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake | 48 (22.4) | 41 (9.4) | 2.89 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 20 (9.4) | 35 (8.1) | 1.17 | 0.521 |
| Hypertension | 59 (27.6) | 108 (24.8) | 1.11 | 0.490 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 8 (3.7) | 32 (7.4) | 0.66 | 0.257 |
| Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism | 12 (5.6) | 29 (6.7) | 1.11 | 0.710 |
| Second malignancy | 6 (2.8) | 14 (3.2) | 0.70 | 0.384 |
| Tumor size >4 cm (T3) | 65 (30.4) | 86 (19.8) | 1.80 | <0.001 |
| Multifocality of cancer | 60 (28.0) | 92 (21.2) | 1.62 | 0.002 |
| Bilateral lobe involvement | 45 (21.0) | 69 (15.9) | 1.70 | 0.002 |
| Follicular variant histology | 19 (8.9) | 82 (18.9) | 0.55 | 0.013 |
| Tall cell variant histology | 3 (1.4) | 2 (0.5) | 3.70 | 0.025 |
| Oncocytic variant histology | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 2.15 | 0.444 |
| Lymph node metastases at presentation (N1) | 119 (55.6) | 75 (17.2) | 4.45 | <0.001 |
| Distant metastases at presentation (M1) | 14 (6.5) | 10 (2.3) | 3.35 | <0.001 |
| High MACIS score (>7) | 24 (11.2) | 19 (4.4) | 2.86 | <0.001 |
| Incomplete thyroidectomy | 14 (6.5) | 24 (5.5) | 0.94 | 0.804 |
| Postsurgical radioactive ablation | 130 (60.6) | 335 (77.0) | 0.43 | <0.001 |
| TSH suppression <0.1 mIU/L | 87 (40.9) | 53 (12.6) | 1.36 | 0.761 |
| Follicular thyroid cancer | ||||
| Number | 23 | 56 | ||
| Male sex | 3 (13.0) | 4 (7.1) | 3.15 | 0.077 |
| Age >45 yr | 14 (60.9) | 25 (44.6) | 2.50 | 0.043 |
| Family history | 1 (4.3) | 2 (3.6) | <0.01 | 1.000 |
| Smoking history | 2 (8.7) | 5 (8.9) | 2.93 | 0.163 |
| Alcohol intake | 2 (8.7) | 8 (14.3) | 1.16 | 0.844 |
| Diabetes | 2 (8.7) | 2 (3.6) | 3.67 | 0.089 |
| Hypertension | 4 (17.4) | 16 (28.6) | 0.67 | 0.470 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1 (4.3) | 1 (1.8) | <0.01 | 1.000 |
| Second malignancy | 1 (4.3) | 1 (1.8) | <0.01 | 1.000 |
| Tumor size >4 cm (T3) | 5 (21.7) | 20 (35.7) | 0.86 | 0.775 |
| Multifocality of cancer | 3 (13.0) | 3 (5.4) | 4.25 | 0.027 |
| Bilateral lobe involvement | 3 (13.0) | 2 (3.6) | 5.54 | 0.009 |
| Lymph node metastases at presentation (N1) | 3 (13.0) | 3 (5.4) | 1.63 | 0.435 |
| Distant metastases at presentation (M1) | 9 (39.1) | 1 (1.8) | 21.56 | <0.001 |
| Incomplete thyroidectomy | 7 (30.4) | 1 (1.8) | 5.32 | <0.001 |
| Postsurgical radioactive ablation | 11 (47.8) | 47 (83.9) | 0.29 | 0.004 |
| TSH suppression <0.1 mIU/L | 15 (65.2) | 45 (80.4) | 0.686 | 0.410 |
Values are expressed as number (%).
MACIS, metastasis, age at presentation, completeness of surgical resection, invasion (extrathyroidal), and size; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.