Table 3.
Effect of Collision Sports Participation on Patient Reported Outcome Measures of Those Participants with No Reported History of Concussion
| β-coefficient* | Standard error | 95% CI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome measure | ||||
| General concerns | −0.497 | 0.505 | −1.487, 0.494 | 0.326 |
| Executive function | 0.204 | 0.563 | −0.900, 1.307 | 0.717 |
| Anxiety | −0.056 | 0.551 | −1.138, 1.025 | 0.919 |
| Depression | −0.440 | 0.449 | −1.321, 0.442 | 0.328 |
| Alcohol use† | 1.957 | 0.576 | 0.827, 3.086 | 0.001 |
| Sleep disturbance | 0.378 | 0.542 | −0.685, 1.441 | 0.485 |
| Emotion/behavior dyscontrol | 0.243 | 0.608 | −0.949, 1.435 | 0.689 |
| Fatigue | 0.330 | 0.536 | −0.721, 1.380 | 0.538 |
| Positive affect | 0.442 | 0.449 | −0.439, 1.323 | 0.325 |
*
β-coefficients represent the effect of collegiate collision sport participation using non-collision, non-contact sport athletes as referent group on each of the listed measures.
† All outcome measures from Neuro-QOL except for negative consequences of alcohol use, which was the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System's Alcohol: Negative Consequences short form 7a.
CI, confidence interval.