Table 4.
Factors associated with costs incurred by patients during the last two months of treatment in Rio de Janeiro, using income per activity reported by participant to value a productive hour (USD 2013)
| Variables | Number in each category with direct costs | Direct costs, mean (SD) N = 85b | P valuea | Indirect costs, mean (SD) N = 126 | P valuea | Total costs, mean (SD) N = 126 | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sexb | |||||||
| Female | 32 | 79 (126) | 0.313 | 355 (1,981) | 0.892 | 127 (145) | 0.263 |
| Male | 53 | 107 (161) | 318 (1,040) | 169 (236) | |||
| Age | |||||||
| < 43 years | 41 | 105 (165) | 0.527 | 289 (998) | 0.743 | 167 (251) | 0.451 |
| > = 43 years | 44 | 88 (131) | 375 (1834) | 139 (139) | |||
| Treatment history | |||||||
| New case | 71 | 101 (155) | 0.544 | 373 (1,628) | 0.524 | 153 (217) | 0.952 |
| Retreatment | 14 | 80 (116) | 159 (299) | 150 (157) | |||
| Residence | |||||||
| Urban | 56 | 88 (152) | 0.351 | 258 (978) | 0.386 | 135 (213) | 0.166 |
| Peri-urban | 29 | 114 (140) | 500 (2,193) | 190 (187) | |||
| Treatment type | |||||||
| SAT | 52 | 110 (165) | 0.379 | 560 (49) | 0.216 | 170 (256) | 0.333 |
| Facility-DOT | 29 | 93 (137) | 126 (185) | 154 (142) | |||
| Community-DOT | 4 | 52 (104) | 39 (49) | 81 (122) | |||
| Socioeconomic statusc | |||||||
| A/B (median family income USD 4288.4-USD 1228.7) | 18 | 60 (108) | 0.128 | 68 (137) | 0.042 | 98 (121) | 0.099 |
| C/D/E (median family income USD 780.1-USD 359.2) | 64 | 111 (160) | 428 (1,703) | 175 (227) |
Abbreviations: SAT self-administered therapy; DOT directly observed therapy; SD standard deviation
*from independent t-test
bAmong 126 patients, 85 patients or accompanying persons declared direct costs
cmissing information for 3 participants
Bold numbers highlight significant p-values.