. 2016 Jan 22;15:8. doi: 10.1186/s12937-016-0126-4

Table 6.

Mean nutrient intake across WG consumption groups in adults (19+ years) based on NHANES (2001–2012)^{1, 2}

	WG consumption groups			P value
Energy/nutrient	WG = 0 (n = 14,742)	0 < WG < 1 (n = 7479)	WG > =1 (n = 7462)
Energy (kcal)	2177 ± 15^a	2079 ± 14^b	2285 ± 17^c	<0.0001
Carbohydrate (g)	259 ± 2^a	251 ± 2^b	289 ± 2^c	<0.0001
Total fat (g)	82.6 ± 0.7^a	80 ± 0.6^b	83.7 ± 0.8^a	0.0002
Protein (g)	82.1 ± 0.6^a	79.5 ± 0.6^b	88.3 ± 0.7^c	<0.0001
Total sugars (g)	122 ± 1.2^a	118 ± 1.4^b	127 ± 1.5^c	<0.0001
Total saturated fatty acids (g)	27.4 ± 0.3^a	26.2 ± 0.2^b	26.8 ± 0.3^ab	0.0029
Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (g)	17.2 ± 0.2^a	17.4 ± 0.2^a	19.3 ± 0.2^b	<0.0001
Total monounsaturated fatty acids (g)	30.6 ± 0.3^a	29.3 ± 0.2^b	30.2 ± 0.3^a	0.0016
Dietary fiber (g)	13.7 ± 0.2^a	15.5 ± 0.1^b	22 ± 0.2^c	<0.0001
Cholesterol (mg)	303 ± 3^a	278 ± 3^b	267 ± 4^c	<0.0001
Sodium (mg)	3501 ± 25^a	3369 ± 28^b	3700 ± 30^c	<0.0001
Potassium (mg)	2556 ± 18^a	2686 ± 19^b	3099 ± 23^c	<0.0001
Calcium (mg)	858 ± 9^a	923 ± 9^b	1106 ± 11^c	<0.0001
Vitamin C (mg)	79.3 ± 1.6^a	88.7 ± 1.8^b	101 ± 2.1^c	<0.0001
Thiamin (Vitamin B1) (mg)	1.5 ± 0.01^a	1.6 ± 0.02^b	2 ± 0.02^c	<0.0001
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg)	2 ± 0.02^a	2.2 ± 0.02^b	2.6 ± 0.02^c	<0.0001
Niacin (mg)	23.7 ± 0.2^a	24.2 ± 0.2^a	28.6 ± 0.2^b	<0.0001
Vitamin B6 (mg)	1.8 ± 0.02^a	1.9 ± 0.02^b	2.4 ± 0.02^c	<0.0001
Vitamin B12 (mcg)	4.9 ± 0.1^a	5.5 ± 0.2^b	6.1 ± 0.1^c	<0.0001
Iron (mg)	13.5 ± 0.1^a	15.1 ± 0.1^b	19.7 ± 0.2^c	<0.0001
Zinc (mg)	11.2 ± 0.1^a	11.6 ± 0.1^b	14.1 ± 0.1^c	<0.0001
Magnesium (mg)	263 ± 2^a	284 ± 2^b	368 ± 3^c	<0.0001
Folate, DFE (mcg)	473 ± 4^a	540 ± 6^b	687 ± 8^c	<0.0001
Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg)	7 ± 0.1^a	7.6 ± 0.1^b	9.1 ± 0.1^c	<0.0001
Vitamin A, RAE (mcg)	522 ± 9^a	657 ± 18^b	787 ± 13^c	<0.0001
Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (mcg)	3.9 ± 0.1^a	4.9 ± 0.1^b	5.8 ± 0.1^c	<0.0001
Selenium (mcg)	108 ± 1^a	107 ± 1^a	121 ± 1^b	<0.0001

¹Day 1 from foods only, excluding pregnant and breastfeeding women

²Mean nutrient intake was estimated using PROC SURVEYMEANS and ANOVA was used to compare the mean nutrient intake between three WG consumption groups, means with different superscript letters across rows are significantly different.