Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of African American and White patients with Type 2 diabetes
| Characteristics | eGFRCKD-EPI categories at baseline (ml/min/1.73 m2)
|
P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 90 | 75–89 | 60–74 | 30–59 | < 30 | ||
| African American patients | ||||||
| No. patients | 9 271 | 3 473 | 2 258 | 1 595 | 289 | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 47.3 (8.8) | 52.1 (9.2) | 55.2 (9.5) | 57.8 (10.5) | 48.1 (9.0) | < 0.001 |
| Income, mean (SD), $/family | 11 971 (10 810) | 12 151 (11 593) | 12 181 (11 370) | 11 663 (9 560) | 12 160 (13 047) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 33.9 (8.7) | 34.1 (8.2) | 33.7 (7.9) | 32.8 (7.7) | 31.6 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | ||||||
| Systolic | 145 (24) | 147 (25) | 148 (25) | 150 (27) | 154 (32) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic | 83 (13) | 82 (16) | 81 (14) | 80 (15) | 82 (18) | 0.367 |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/l | 4.9 (1.3) | 4.9 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.3) | 4.7 (1.5) | 0.183 |
| HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/l | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/l | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.1) | 2.9 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.3) | 0.134 |
| Triglycerides, mean (SD), mmol/l | 1.4 (0.9) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), mmol/mol | 68 (31) | 62 (27) | 61 (27) | 6.1 (27) | 58 (26) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 8.4 (2.8) | 7.8 (2.5) | 7.7 (2.5) | 7.7 (2.5) | 7.5 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
| Obesity status, % | < 0.001 | |||||
| Normal weight (< 25) | 13.9 | 11.1 | 11.3 | 13.5 | 18.7 | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 23.5 | 22.0 | 23.9 | 26.3 | 30.5 | |
| Obesity class I (30.0–34.9) | 23.5 | 26.9 | 27.1 | 26.3 | 24.9 | |
| Obesity class II (≥ 35.0) | 39.1 | 40.1 | 37.8 | 33.9 | 26.0 | |
| Current smoker (%) | 35.3 | 32.9 | 27.5 | 25.9 | 23.2 | < 0.001 |
| Medication use, % | ||||||
| Blood pressure | 92.0 | 94.6 | 96.5 | 97.1 | 96.4 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 87.2 | 83.3 | 84.0 | 82.8 | 80.4 | 0.005 |
| Cholesterol | 67.0 | 71.7 | 74.3 | 78.4 | 75.0 | < 0.001 |
| White patients | ||||||
| No. patients | 5 311 | 2 887 | 2 306 | 1 569 | 185 | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 48.1 (9.0) | 53.0 (9.2) | 56.3 (9.1) | 59.7 (9.6) | 58.2 (11.7) | < 0.001 |
| Income, mean (SD), $/family | 13 457 (11 890) | 13 656 (12 569) | 13 051 (10 263) | 13 515 (11 576) | 14 752 (16 286) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 35.1 (9.0) | 35.1 (8.8) | 34.7 (8.2) | 34.4 (8.6) | 33.1 (8.9) | < 0.001 |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | ||||||
| Systolic | 141 (21) | 141 (21) | 143 (22) | 144 (24) | 141 (26) | 0.116 |
| Diastolic | 79 (12) | 78 (12) | 77 (13) | 75 (14) | 73 (15) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/l | 5.1 (1.4) | 5.0 (1.3) | 5.0 (1.3) | 4.9 (1.4) | 1.5 (57) | < 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/l | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/l | 2.9 (1.1) | 2.9 (1.0) | 2.9 (1.0) | 2.8 (1.1) | 2.4 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mean (SD), mmol/l | 1.9 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.1 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), mmol/mol | 62 (25) | 54 (22) | 54 (22) | 54 (21) | 54 (21) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 7.8 (2.3) | 7.1 (2.0) | 7.1 (2.0) | 7.1 (1.9) | 7.1 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
| Obesity status, % | < 0.001 | |||||
| Normal weight (< 25) | 11.2 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 9.9 | 15.1 | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 20.0 | 21.0 | 21.8 | 22.8 | 24.3 | |
| Obesity class I (30.0–34.9) | 23.5 | 24.9 | 26.1 | 27.9 | 21.1 | |
| Obesity class II (≥ 35.0) | 45.3 | 44.1 | 43.5 | 39.5 | 39.5 | |
| Current smoker (%) | 42.2 | 36.9 | 33.7 | 25.0 | 24.6 | < 0.001 |
| Medication use, % | ||||||
| Blood pressure | 89.2 | 92.6 | 94.4 | 96.6 | 96.2 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 86.7 | 83.7 | 82.6 | 83.6 | 90.8 | 0.013 |
| Cholesterol | 72.7 | 80.2 | 81.2 | 83.0 | 81.5 | < 0.001 |
Values are adjusted for age.