Fig. 4.

a Engineering process of multimodal nerve conduit based on a tubular knit coated with electrospun nanofibers and incorporated with aligned guidance fibers [63]. b Scaffold design based on the requirements of different implantation sites: Hydrogels incorporating bFGF localized to the bone tunnels, collagen wrapping in the joint cavity [146]. c Hybrid vascular scaffold made of wet-spun microfibers and electrospun nanofibers; manufacturing scheme, photographs and SEM images of scaffolds [64, 147]