Targeted application	Materials/manufacturing techniques	Function of fibrous structure	Biological cues/clinical application	References
Knitting
Vascular grafts	PGA knitted fibers + l-lactide/PCL copolymer sponge with PGA/PCL copolymer monofilament reinforcement	Initial reinforcement; Elasticity for shape adaption	–	[155, 156]
	Knitted polyester; commercially available vascular grafts	Mechanical stability	Fibronectin SDF-1 alpha	[143]
	Knitted PGA/collagen microsponge + woven PLLA (outer layer)	Outer layer: reinforcement; inner layer: porous environment promoting in situ cellularization	–	[205, 206]
	Knitted PLGA (90:10) + collagen microsponge	Mechanical stability	–	[207]
Nerve regeneration	Aligned PLGA fibers + alginate hydrogel contained in knitted PLA sheath coated with electrospun PLA nanofibers	Mechanical stability; Controlled poresize adjusted to nerve regeneration; Aligned fibers for cell guidance	Neurothropic factors (NT-3 or BDNF with LIF, SMDF and MGF-1)	[63]
Dermal grafts	Warp-knitted PLGA-mesh + collagen/chitosan sponge	Mechanical stability	–	[49, 54, 159]
Tendon regeneration	Knitted silk + collagen sponge	Mechanical stability; provides space for tissue ingrowth	SDF-1 alpha	[48]
Esophagus replacement	Porous collagen + PCL knitting, tubularized by sutures	Mechanical stability	–	[60]
Hernia repair	PLGA (90:10) knit + collagen sponge	Mechanical stability	–	[208]
Small joint reconstruction	Knitted poly-L/D-lactide (P(L/D)LA) 96/4	Porous environment for cell ingrowth; Mechanical strength	Clinical study	[200–204]
Calvarial bone healing	Knitted P(L/D)LA 96/4	Mechanical stability	FGF-1	[209, 210]
Weaving
Nerve regenerattion	Biodegradable glass fabric	Mechanical stability	–	[211]
Vascular graft	Woven tubes (luminal Ø 4 mm), with double-layered PGA (core)/PLLA (sheath) fibers + collagen microsponges	Mechanical stability; 3D porous environment	–	[147, 164]
Fascia replacement/hernia repair	Handwoven meshes from native dragline silk of Nephila spp.	Mechanical stability	–	[59]
Tendon/Ligament repair	Layered PLLA fabrics; side A: smooth surface, side B: pile-finished surface	Mechanical stability; Control of cell migration/adhesion by adjusted surface structures	–	[165]
	Woven PLA pad	Mechanical stability	–	[212]
	Woven PLA (commercially available material)	Mechanical stability; Host tissue deposition	–	[166]
Braiding
Nerve regeneration	PGA tube + collagen sponge	Mechanical stability	Clinical studies	[179–181, 176]
	Braid of PLLA and PGA yarns (1:1) + collagen coating	Mechanical stability; PLLA for prolonged reinforcement	–	[50]
	Microbraided PLGA (10:90) tubes	Mechanical stability	–	[213]
Tendon/ligament repair	Lyophilized human fascia reinforced by braided PLLA/PGA fibers	Mechanical stability	–	[171, 172]
	PLLA braid + gelatin hydrogel + collagen membrane	Mechanical stability	bFGF	[146]
	PLLA 3D square braid	Mechanical stability; Tissue ingrowth	–	[173]
Non-woven
Nerve regeneration	poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) non-woven	Mechanical stability	Clinical study	[196]
	Oriented silk-fibroin filaments	Mechanical stability; Aligned fibers for cell guidance	–	[195]
Cartilage repair	PGA felt + hyaluronic acid/hyaluronan	Mechanical stability; Porous environment	Allogeneic/autologous serum	[144, 145]
Tendon/ligament repair	PGA sheet	Mechanial stability; Tissue ingrowth	–	[193]
	Chitin sheet	Mechanial stability; Tissue ingrowth	–	[194]