Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-α and IL-8 produced from pediatric SLE PBMCs, upon the stimulation with ssRNA. IL-1β (A), IFN-α (B), IL-6 (C), or IL-8 (D) in the supernatant of PBMCs post the transfection with 50, 100, 200, or 500 nM ssRNA was assayed with the ELISA kit for each cytokine. The significance was calculated by the t test, and the statistical significantce was indicated as *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ns: no significance.