Table 4.
Odds ratios for ecodevelopmental and intrapersonal factors among US-born and immigrant adolescents by age of arrival to the US
| Age of arrival to the US |
Duration in the US |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 11 years or younger (Weighted N in thousands = 1362) |
Age 12 years or older (Weighted N in thousands = 361) |
Immigrant: 5+ years in the US (Weighted N in thousands = 1179) |
Immigrant: <5 years in the US (Weighted N in thousands = 544) |
|||||
| OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | |
| Ecodevelopmental factors | ||||||||
| Parental relationships | ||||||||
| Would you turn to your parents to talk about a serious problem? | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 1.06 | (0.94–1.20) | 1.18 | (0.94–49) | 0.97 | (0.85–1.09) | 1.44 | (1.18–1.76) |
| Did you argue or have a fight with at least one parent? (10+ arguments in past year) | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| No | 1.39 | (1.20–1.61) | 2.17 | (1.59–2.94) | 1.27 | (1.10–1.47) | 2.38 | (1.82–3.12) |
| School engagement | ||||||||
| How did you feel about going to school during the past 12 months? | ||||||||
| Did not like very much/hated going to school | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Liked a lot/kind of liked going to school | 1.52 | (1.2–1.79) | 2.58 | (1.69–3.93) | 1.43 | (1.20–1.70) | 2.64 | (1.87–3.72) |
| Did your teachers let you know when you were doing a good job? | ||||||||
| Seldom/never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Always/sometimes | 1.47 | (1.26–1.73) | 3.39 | (2.15–5.36) | 1.35 | (1.15–1.60) | 3.45 | (2.38–5.01) |
| Intrapersonal factors | ||||||||
| Normative beliefs | ||||||||
| How do you feel about someone your age having 1–2 drinks nearly every day? | ||||||||
| Neither approve/disapprove or somewhat disapprove | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Strongly disapprove | 1.17 | (1.04–1.32) | 1.32 | (1.04–1.67) | 1.12 | (0.98–1.27) | 1.41 | (1.15–1.72) |
| How do you feel about someone your age trying marijuana once or twice? | ||||||||
| Neither approve/disapprove or somewhat disapprove | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Strongly disapprove | 1.48 | (1.16–1.89) | 1.36 | (1.21–1.54) | 1.28 | (1.13–1.46) | 1.72 | (1.41–2.11) |
| Religious beliefs | ||||||||
| Are your religious beliefs a very important part of your life? | ||||||||
| Strongly disagree/disagree or somewhat agree | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Strongly agree | 1.04 | (0.93–1.17) | 1.02 | (0.82–1.27) | 1.06 | (0.88–1.27) | 1.02 | (0.90–1.16) |
| Do your religious beliefs influence how you make decisions? | ||||||||
| Strongly disagree/disagree or somewhat agree | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Strongly agree | 1.02 | (0.89–1.15) | 0.95 | (0.74–1.21) | 1.02 | (0.84–1.24) | 1.00 | (0.87–1.14) |
Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) in bold are statistically significant
Reference group = US-born adolescents (Weighted N in thousands = 23,334)