Table 2.
Geometric means (95% confidence intervals) of serum bone turnover biomarkers in individuals who developed hip fracture (cases) and those who remained free of hip fracture (controls), the Singapore Chinese Health Study
| Geometric mean (95% CI)* | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| BTM | Cases | Controls | p-value |
| All subjects | 100 | 100 | |
| Bone ALP (U/L) | 39.4 (36.3–42.7) | 36.7 (33.9–39.6) | 0.10 |
| OC (ng/mL) | 19.9 (18.1–21.8) | 17.3 (15.8–18.9) | 0.006 |
| PINP (µg/L) | 48.6 (44.1–53.5) | 42.1 (38.3–46.2) | 0.007 |
| CTX-I (ng/mL) | 0.36 (0.32–0.40) | 0.28 (0.24–0.32) | 0.0003 |
| NTX-I (BCE/L) | 14.0 (13.1–15.0) | 12.3 (11.5–13.1) | 0.0006 |
| Men | 50 | 50 | |
| Bone ALP (U/L) | 37.4 (34.0–41.1) | 35.8 (32.8–39.0) | 0.47 |
| OC (ng/mL) | 19.9 (17.7–22.3) | 17.0 (15.3–19.0) | 0.04 |
| PINP (µg/L) | 44.7 (40.5–49.3) | 39.2 (35.8–42.8) | 0.04 |
| CTX-I (ng/mL) | 0.34 (0.30–0.40) | 0.26 (0.24–0.30) | 0.007 |
| NTX-I (BCE/L) | 13.8 (12.8–15.0) | 11.6 (10.8–12.5) | 0.001 |
| Women | 50 | 50 | |
| Bone ALP (U/L) | 46.7 (37.1–58.8) | 42.5 (33.5–53.8) | 0.16 |
| OC (ng/mL) | 21.9 (17.0–28.0) | 18.9 (14.6–24.4) | 0.05 |
| PINP (µg/L) | 57.2 (41.7–78.4) | 48.0 (34.6–66.4) | 0.06 |
| CTX-I (ng/mL) | 0.42 (0.30–0.60) | 0.34 (0.24–0.46) | 0.01 |
| NTX-I (BCE/L) | 15.8 (13.3–18.7) | 14.6 (12.3–17.5) | 0.15 |
*
Adjusted for matching factors (age, gender, and dialect group), and BMI (kg/m2, continuous), level of education (no formal education, primary school, secondary school or higher), smoking status (never smokers, ex-smokers, current smokers), physical activity (none, 0.5–3.9 hrs weekly, ≥4 hrs weekly), soy isoflavones (mg/1,000 kcal/day in quartile), pyridoxine (mg/1,000 kcal/day in quartile), β-carotene (µg/1,000 kcal/day in quartile), and baseline self-reported physician-diagnosed history of diabetes mellitus (yes, no).