Table 5.
Comparison of bone turnover biomarkers in participants with and without a history of physician-diagnosed diabetes at baseline, the Singapore Chinese Health Study
| Bone turnover biomarkers | Geometric mean* (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Both cases and controls | Subjects with diabetes | Subjects without diabetes | p-value |
| Number of subjects | 20 | 180 | |
| Bone ALP (U/L) | 37.48 (32.32–43.48) | 38.08 (35.82–40.48) | 0.84 |
| OC (ng/mL) | 13.44 (11.26–16.06) | 19.08 (17.74–20.54) | 0.0002 |
| PINP (µg/L) | 35.18 (29.18–42.42) | 46.82 (43.34–50.58) | 0.0035 |
| CTX-I (ng/mL) | 0.26 (0.20–0.34) | 0.32 (0.28–0.34) | 0.11 |
| NTX-I (BCE/L) | 11.62 (10.12–13.36) | 13.62 (12.86–14.42) | 0.03 |
| Controls only | |||
| Number of subjects | 5 | 95 | |
| Bone ALP (U/L) | 31.04 (23.2–41.54) | 36.82 (33.98–39.92) | 0.26 |
| OC (ng/mL) | 12.62 (8.62–18.46) | 17.90 (16.12–19.88) | 0.08 |
| PINP (µg/L) | 35.14 (23.72–52.06) | 43.34 (38.88–48.32) | 0.31 |
| CTX-I (ng/mL) | 0.20 (0.12–0.32) | 0.28 (0.26–0.32) | 0.14 |
| NTX-I (BCE/L) | 10.32 (7.76–13.72) | 12.74 (11.78–13.8) | 0.16 |
| Cases only | |||
| Number of subjects | 15 | 85 | |
| Bone ALP (U/L) | 39.58 (33.02–47.46) | 39.30 (35.76–43.18) | 0.94 |
| OC (ng/mL) | 14.00 (11.44–17.1) | 20.38 (18.36–22.62) | 0.0004 |
| PINP (µg/L) | 35.72 (28.74–44.4) | 50.40 (45.02–56.42) | 0.003 |
| CTX-I (ng/mL) | 0.30 (0.22–0.40) | 0.34 (0.30–0.40) | 0.28 |
| NTX-I (BCE/L) | 12.86 (10.92–15.14) | 14.38 (13.22–15.66) | 0.19 |
*
Adjusted for hip fracture status (yes, no, for overall only), age (years, continuous), gender (men, women), BMI (kg/m2, continuous), level of education (no formal education, primary school, secondary school or higher), smoking status (never smokers, ex-smokers, current smokers), physical activity (none, 0.5–3.9 hrs weekly, ≥ 4 hrs weekly), soy isoflavones (mg/1,000 kcal/day in quartile), pyridoxine (mg/1,000 kcal/day in quartile) and β-carotene (µg/1,000 kcal/day in quartile).