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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2015 Nov 20;138(7):1609–1618. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29901

Table 2.

Multivariate hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals)a of the association between quintiles of selected meat group intakes and breast cancer risk according to stage and ER/PR status, NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

Quintiles (Q) of meat group intakeb
p-trend p-heteroc
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Total meat
 Median (g/1,000kcal) 28.1 46.3 61.1 77.7 106.9
 Total No. of cases 1,740 1,874 1,880 1,943 1,859
 All breast cancer 1.00 1.05 (0.98 – 1.12) 1.06 (0.99 – 1.13) 1.09 (1.02 – 1.17) 1.06 (0.99 – 1.13) 0.10
 In-situ 1.00 1.05 (0.90 – 1.22) 1.15 (0.99 – 1.34) 1.20 (1.03 – 1.40) 1.06 (0.90 – 1.24) 0.30
 Localized 1.00 1.08 (0.97 – 1.20) 1.14 (1.03 – 1.27) 1.07 (0.96 – 1.19) 1.09 (0.97 – 1.22) 0.30
 Regional/distant 1.00 1.07 (0.90 – 1.28) 1.12 (0.94 – 1.33) 1.09 (0.92 – 1.30) 1.15 (0.96 – 1.37) 0.16 0.74
 ER+/PR+ 1.00 1.05 (0.94 – 1.18) 1.06 (0.94 – 1.19) 1.14 (1.02 – 1.28) 1.00 (0.99 – 1.13) 0.83
 ER−/PR− 1.00 0.86 (0.68 – 1.09) 0.99 (0.79 – 1.25) 0.94 (0.74 – 1.19) 0.87 (0.68 – 1.11) 0.42 0.35
Total processed meat
 Median (g/1,000kcal) 1.1 3.3 5.7 9.4 18.4
 Total No. of cases 1,819 1,838 1,822 1,943 1,883
 All breast cancer 1.00 0.99 (0.93 – 1.06) 0.98 (0.92 – 1.05) 1.05 (0.98 – 1.13) 1.04 (0.97 – 1.12) 0.09
 In-situ 1.00 0.97 (0.83 – 1.13) 1.21 (1.04 – 1.42) 1.03 (0.88 – 1.21) 1.08 (0.92 – 1.27) 0.46
 Localized 1.00 1.07 (0.96 – 1.19) 1.05 (0.94 – 1.17) 1.14 (1.02 – 1.28) 1.14 (1.01 – 1.27) 0.03
 Regional/distant 1.00 0.98 (0.82 – 1.17) 0.98 (0.82 – 1.18) 1.15 (0.97 – 1.38) 1.10 (0.92 – 1.32) 0.10 0.74
 ER+/PR+ 1.00 0.94 (0.84 – 1.05) 0.90 (0.80 – 1.01) 0.98 (0.87 – 1.10) 0.96 (0.85 – 1.09) 0.94
 ER−/PR− 1.00 1.01 (0.80 – 1.28) 0.89 (0.70 – 1.14) 0.84 (0.66 – 1.08) 1.01 (0.79 – 1.29) 0.91 0.99
Total red meat
 Median (g/1,000kcal) 7.8 17.6 26.4 36.6 54.7
 Total No. of cases 1,758 1,865 1,926 1,939 1,817
 All breast cancer 1.00 1.04 (0.97 – 1.11) 1.06 (0.99 – 1.14) 1.10 (1.02 – 1.18) 1.04 (0.97 – 1.13) 0.27
 In-situ 1.00 1.10 (0.94 – 1.28) 1.07 (0.91 – 1.26) 1.21 (1.02 – 1.42) 1.04 (0.87 – 1.24) 0.63
 Localized 1.00 1.06 (0.96 – 1.19) 1.13 (1.01 – 1.26) 1.17 (1.04 – 1.31) 1.04 (0.92 – 1.18) 0.53
 Regional/distant 1.00 1.08 (0.90 – 1.30) 1.21 (1.01 – 1.46) 1.26 (1.05 – 1.52) 1.25 (1.03 – 1.52) 0.02 0.20
 ER+/PR+ 1.00 1.04 (0.93 – 1.17) 1.10 (0.98 – 1.24) 1.09 (0.97 – 1.23) 0.97 (0.85 – 1.11) 0.59
 ER−/PR− 1.00 1.07 (0.85 – 1.35) 0.85 (0.66 – 1.09) 0.89 (0.69 – 1.15) 0.95 (0.73 – 1.24) 0.47 0.42
Fresh red meat (unprocessed)
 Median (g/1,000kcal) 5.5 13.0 19.7 28.0 43.4
 Total No. of cases 1,795 1,820 1,922 1,859 1,910
 All breast cancer 1.00 1.00 (0.93 – 1.07) 1.02 (0.95 – 1.09) 1.07 (1.00 – 1.15) 1.03 (0.96 – 1.11) 0.19
 In-situ 1.00 0.99 (0.85 – 1.15) 1.02 (0.87 – 1.19) 1.08 (0.92 – 1.26) 1.01 (0.85 – 1.20) 0.67
 Localized 1.00 1.07 (0.96 – 1.19) 1.04 (0.93 – 1.17) 1.12 (1.00 – 1.25) 1.01 (0.89 – 1.14) 0.99
 Regional/distant 1.00 0.99 (0.82 – 1.18) 1.15 (0.96 – 1.37) 1.23 (1.03 – 1.48) 1.16 (0.96 – 1.41) 0.02 0.48
 ER+/ER+ 1.00 1.05 (0.94 – 1.18) 1.06 (0.94 – 1.20) 1.13 (1.00 – 1.27) 1.04 (0.92 – 1.19) 0.50
 ER−/PR− 1.00 1.04 (0.82 – 1.31) 0.90 (0.70 – 1.14) 0.82 (0.63 – 1.06) 1.03 (0.80 – 1.34) 0.93 0.19
Processed red meat
 Median (g/1,000kcal) 1.1 2.8 4.8 7.6 14.5
 Total No. of cases 1,759 1,922 1,807 1,929 1,888
 All breast cancer 1.00 1.07 (1.00 – 1.14) 1.01 (0.94 – 1.09) 1.10 (1.02 – 1.18) 1.09 (1.01 – 1.17) 0.05
 In-situ 1.00 0.98 (0.84 – 1.15) 1.13 (0.97 – 1.33) 1.14 (0.97 – 1.34) 1.07 (0.90 – 1.28) 0.41
 Localized 1.00 1.11 (0.99 – 1.24) 1.09 (0.97 – 1.22) 1.25 (1.11 – 1.40) 1.27 (1.13 – 1.44) <0.0001
 Regional/distant 1.00 1.10 (0.92 – 1.31) 1.07 (0.89 – 1.29) 1.14 (0.95 – 1.38) 1.19 (0.98 – 1.44) 0.10 0.28
 ER+/ER+ 1.00 1.06 (0.94 – 1.18) 0.97 (0.86 – 1.10) 1.03 (0.91 – 1.17) 0.99 (0.87 – 1.13) 0.67
 ER−/PR− 1.00 1.15 (0.92 – 1.44) 0.84 (0.66 – 1.08) 0.83 (0.64 – 1.08) 0.83 (0.64 – 1.09) 0.05 0.28
Total white meat
 Median (g/1,000kcal) 9.9 19.5 29.2 42.2 69.1
 Total No. of cases 1,794 1,820 1,922 1,859 1,910
 All breast cancer 1.00 0.98 (0.92 – 1.05) 1.04 (0.98 – 1.11) 1.00 (0.93 – 1.06) 1.03 (0.97 – 1.11) 0.27
 In-situ 1.00 1.03 (0.88 – 1.20) 1.16 (1.00 – 1.35) 1.07 (0.92 – 1.25) 1.11 (0.96 – 1.30) 0.21
 Localized 1.00 1.06 (0.95 – 1.18) 1.09 (0.98 – 1.21) 1.02 (0.92 – 1.14) 1.07 (0.96 – 1.19) 0.45
 Regional/distant 1.00 0.94 (0.80 – 1.12) 0.92 (0.78 – 1.09) 1.01 (0.85 – 1.19) 1.02 (0.86 – 1.20) 0.49 0.88
 ER+/PR+ 1.00 1.01 (0.90 – 1.13) 1.03 (0.92 – 1.15) 0.99 (0.88 – 1.11) 1.02 (0.91 – 1.15) 0.79
 ER−/PR− 1.00 0.83 (0.65 – 1.06) 0.95 (0.75 – 1.20) 1.05 (0.83 – 1.31) 0.90 (0.71 – 1.14) 0.93 0.61
a

Adjusted for age (continuous), race (White, Black, other), BMI (continuous), height (continuous), education level (< high school, high school, > high school), cigarette smoking (never, quit ≥ 5 y ago, quit 1–4 y ago, quit < 1 y ago, current smoking), alcohol intake (continuous), physical activity (low, moderate, high), familial history of breast cancer (yes/no), age at menarche (< 13, 13–14, ≥15), age at menopause (< 45, 45–49, 50–54, ≥55), age at first live birth (nulliparous, < 25, 25–29, ≥30), number of live births (nulliparous, 1–2, ≥3), hormone use (never, former, current), oral contraceptive use (never, ever), numbers of previous breast biopsy (0, 1, 2, ≥3), total calorie intake (continuous), total fat intake (continuous), fiber intake (continuous), and intake of other types of meat (white, red, processed, processed red, processed white, unprocessed, unprocessed red, unprocessed white meats, if applicable).

b

Intake density (g/1,000 kcal)

c

p values for heterogeneity of the associations among cancer stages (in situ, localized, and regional/distant) and among ER/PR status (ER+/PR+, ER+/PR−, ER−/PR+, and ER−/PR−) using medians of quintile intakes as continuous variables.