Table 3.
Maternal Demographic, Childbearing, Socioeconomic, Drinking, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use from Four Rural South African Communities: Mothers of Children with FASD and Normal Controls
| Maternal Variables | Mothers of Children with FAS (n=168) | Mothers of Children with Partial FAS (n=106) | Mothers of Children with ARND (n=59) | RS Control Children (n=212) | Statistical Test | df | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol Consumption Variables* | |||||||
| Drinking during pregnancy | 92.4 (133/145) | 81.6 (80/98) | 90.9 (50/55) | 28.5 (59/207) | χ2 = 193.022 | 3 | <.001 |
| Avg # drinks per week (during pregnancy) | 16.2 (20.0) | 11.4 (19.5) | 8.5 (9.8) | 2.7 (8.9) | F=23.359 | 3 | <.001 |
| Drinks per drinking day during pregnancy – Mean (SD) | 6.5 (7.9) | 4.1 (5.1) | 3.5 (3.5) | .90 (2.8) | F = 32.693 | 3 | <.001 |
| Consumed 3 drinks or more per occasion during pregnancy (%) | 84.0 (122/144) | 71.4 (70/98) | 78.6 (44/56) | 23.5 (46/196) | χ2 = 262.594 | 3 | <.001 |
| Consumed 5 drinks or more per occasion during pregnancy (%) | 66.0 (96/144) | 58.2 (57/98) | 46.4 (26/56) | 14.3 (28/196) | χ2 = 106.927 | 3 | <.001 |
| Current drinker (%) | 54.8 (85/155) | 44.4 (44/99) | 53.7 (29/54) | 26.7 (55/206) | χ2 = 36.425 | 3 | <.001 |
| Drinking before index pregnancy (%) | 90.4 (133/146) | 80.4 (82/102) | 94.4 (51/54) | 37.9 (78/206) | χ2 = 143.052 | 3 | <.001 |
| Drank during 1st trimester (%) | 91.0 (131/144) | 81.6 (80/98) | 90.9 (50/55) | 28.0 (58/149) | χ2 = 190.587 | 3 | <.001 |
| Drank during 2nd trimester (%) | 80.0(116/ 145) | 61.2 (60/98) | 67.3 (37/55) | 15.0 (31/207) | χ2 = 164.000 | 3 | <.001 |
| Drank during 3rd trimester (%) | 68.3 (99/145) | 49.0 (48/98) | 59.3 (32/54) | 12.1 (25/207) | χ2 = 125.717 | 3 | <.001 |
| Tobacco Use | |||||||
| Used tobacco during index pregnancy (%) | 81.9 (127/155) | 81.7 (85/104) | 79.3 (46/58) | 39.6 (80/202) | χ2 = 94.979 | 3 | <.001 |
| Current smoker, smoked within week (%) | 85.6 (107/125) | 84.9 (73/86) | 85.1 (40/47) | 75.7 (78/103) | χ2 = 4.673 | 3 | .197 |
| Quantity of cigarettes smoked per week among smokers (each cigarette = 1 gram) | 32.5 (31.2) | 32.3 (26.8) | 27.0 (14.8) | 27.70 (17.3) | F=.897 | 3 | .443 |
| Other drug use during pregnancy (% Yes) | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | χ2 = | 3 | .373 |
| Demographics** | |||||||
| Age at pregnancy (yrs) – Mean (SD) | 28.7 (6.5) | 26.2 (6.5) | 27.9 (7.4) | 26.9 (6.8) | F = 3.729 | 3 | .011 |