Table 1.
Complies all studies evaluated in patients undergoing esophageal or gastric resection
| Ref. | Country | Quality score1 | Study design | Sample size | Age (yr) | Male sex (%) | Surgery type | Parameter used to define frailty | Postoperative complication rate | Follow-up (mo) | 30-d morbidity (%) | 30-d mortality (%) | 1-yr OS (%) | 5-yr OS (%) | Outcome parameter | Frailty/OS (OR) |
| Hodari et al[34] | United States | 5 | R | 2095 | NR | NR | Esophagectomy | Modified Canadian age index | 17.8 | NR | NR | NR | 96 | NR | Postoperative complications | OR = 31.84, P = 0.015 |
| Sheetz et al[35] | United States | 7 | R | 230 | 62 | 88 | Transhiatal esophagectomy | Lean psoas area (L4 level) | 57.8 | 12.8 | NR | NR | 11 | 0 | Overall survival | OR = 0.456; 95%CI: 0.197-1.054; P = 0.067 |
| Yip et al[26] | United Kingdom | 5 | P | 36 | 63 | 86 | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and esophagectomy | Body composition | 26 | 30 | 26 | 0 | NR | NR | No multivariate outcome analysis | NR - significant increase in complications and decrease in survival |
| Awad et al[27] | United Kingdom | 7 | P | 47 | 63 | Esophagectomy gastrectomy | Body composition | NR | 24 | NR | 2.2 | 23.9 | 19 | No multivariate outcome analysis | NR - significant increase in complications with frailty | |
| Tegels et al[49] | The Netherlands | 5 | R/P | 70 | 59 | Gastrectomy | Groningen frailty index | 28 | 6 | NR | 9.1 | NR | NR | 30-d mortality | 3.96 (95%CI: 1.12-14.09, P = 0.03) |
1
According to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ranging from 1 to 9 stars. Age and OS are presented as median values unless indicated otherwise. NR: Not reported; OS: Overall survival; OR: Odds ratio; P: Prospective trial; P/R: Retrospective analysis on prospectively collected data; R: Retrospective trial.