Table 3.
Complies the characteristics of all trials which evaluated frailty in patients undergoing hepato-pancreatico-biliary resections
| Ref. | Country | Quality score1 | Study design | Sample size | Age (yr) | Male sex (%) | Surgery type | Parameter used to define frailty | Postoperative complication rate | Follow-up (mo) | 30-d morbidity (%) | 30-d mortality (%) | 1-yr OS (%) | 5-yr OS (%) | Outcome parameter | Frailty/outcome (OR) |
| Harimoto et al[40] | Japanese | 6 | R | 186 | 67 | 40 | Partial hepatectomy HCC | L3 muscle area | NR | 60 | NR | NR | NR | 71 | 5 yr survival | OR = 0.9; 95%CI: 0.84-093, P = 0.002 |
| van Vledder et al[41] | The Netherlands | 5 | R | 196 | 65 | 61 | Liver resection for CRLM | Skeletal muscle mass | NR | 29 | NR | NR | 94 | 43 | Overall survival | OR = 14.4; 95%CI: 18.76-31.2 |
| Valero et al[42] | United States | 7 | R | 96 | 62 | 61 | Liver resection liver transplantation | Total psoas area and total psoas volume | 29 | 26 | NR | NR | 82 | 47 | Complication rate | OR = 3.06; 95%CI: 1.07-8.52, P = 0.003 |
| Englesbe et al[43] | United States | 5 | R | 163 | 53 | NR | Liver transplantation | Total psoas area and psoas density | NR | 36 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Overall survival rate | OR = 0.27; 95%CI: 0.11-0.33, P = 0.001 |
| Waits et al[44] | United States | 8 | R | 348 | 51 | 62 | Liver transplantation | Total psoas area and psoas density and age - summarized in new parameter "monomorphometric age" | NR | 60 | NR | NR | 85 | 59 | 1 and 5 yr survival | OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.03-1.06, P = 0.001 |
| Masuda et al[76] | Japanese | 5 | R | 2014 | 48 | 50 | Living donor liver transplantation | Total psoas area | 18 | 60 | NR | NR | 75 | 89 | 1 and 5 yr survival | OR = 2,06; 95%CI: 1.1-4.2, P = 0.05 |
| Kaido et al[32] | Japanese | 6 | P | 124 | 54 | NR | Living donor liver transplantation | Skeletal muscle mass and bioimpedance analysis | NR | 60 | NR | NR | 80 | 73 | 1 and 5 yr survival | OR = 4.85; 95%CI: 2.092-11.79, P = 0.001 |
| Peng et al[46] | United States | 6 | R | 259 | 68 | 60 | Liver resection for CRLM | Total psoas area | 10 | 60 | NR | NR | 65 | 26 | Postoperative complications | OR = 3.1; 95%CI: 1.14-8.29, P = 0.02 |
| Amini et al[47] | United States | 7 | R | 763 | 67 | 57 | Pancreatic resection | Total psoas area and total psoas volume | 48 | 24 | 0.5 | 48 | 76 | 24 | Postoperative complications | OR = 1.79; 95%CI: 1.15-2.56, P = 0.002 |
| Dale et al[33] | United States | 9 | P | 76 | 67 | 55 | Pancreaticoduodenectomy | Fried’s criteria, Short Physical Performance Battery, Vulnerable Elderly Survey | 80 | 1 | 4 | 21 | NR | NR | Postoperative complications | OR = 4.06, P = 0.01 |
| Joglekar et al[48] | United States | 6 | R | 118 | 65 | 75 | Pancreatic resection | Total psoas index and psoas density | 78 | 3 | NR | 23 | NR | NR | Postoperative complications | OR = 2.78; 95%CI: 2.28-22, P = 0.02 |
| Peng et al[45] | United States | 6 | R | 557 | 66 | 53 | Pancreatic resection | Total psoas area | 47 | 36 | NR | NR | 62 | 3 a OS: 36 | 3 yr OS | OR = 1.68; 95%CI: 1.32-2.11; P = 0.001 |
1
According to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ranging from 1 to 9 stars. Age and OS are presented as median values unless indicated otherwise. NR: Not reported; OS: Overall survival; OR: Odds ratio; P: Prospective trial; P/R: Retrospective analysis on prospectively collected data; R: Retrospective trial.