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Characteristic after surgery. A: Cumulative morphine consumption within the first 48 h after surgery. bP < 0.01 vs group patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA); B: Ramsay sedation score within the first 48 h after surgery. aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01 vs group PCIA; C: Wound healing score within 72 h after surgery; D: Mean arterial pressure within the first 48 h after surgery. bP < 0.01 vs group PCIA; E: Heart rate within the first 48 h after surgery. aP < 0.05 vs group PCIA.
