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Autophagy stimulated by AMPK activation contains four normal pathways found till now. When energy is insufficient, AMPK could phosphorylate JNK, ULK1, TSC1/2 and FoxO transcription factor to activate autophagy in many tissues generally. And the upstream pathways in autophagy activity regulation also contain BCL2 inhibition, Beclin1 stimulation and mTORC1 blocking.
