Table 2.

Key points.

Key points
1	Renal disease and heart failure frequently coexist due to their close bi-directional relationship.
2	Pathophysiology is poorly understood; however, it carries a poor prognosis.
3	Management is challenging often leading to under-treatment. Current strategies focus on the predominant failing organ rather than on both organs.
4	Recognition of this syndrome is crucial in providing early and appropriate therapy.