. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 25.

Published in final edited form as: Demogr Res. 2015 Oct;33:939–950. doi: 10.4054/demres.2015.33.32

Table 2.

Residential location characteristics, across mover categories

	All	Never moved	Moved once	Moved twice	Moved 3⁺	Wald Test		All	Never moved	Moved once	Moved twice	Moved 3⁺	Wald Test
Townsend Index							Northeast
W1	1.7	1.3	1.8	1.9	2.0	^***	W1	17.4	21.5	18.5	16.3	12.5
W2	1.6	1.3	1.6	1.8	1.8	^**	W2	17.3	21.5	18.3	16.4	12.4	^*
W3	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.6		W3	16.9	21.5	18.0	15.5	12.0	^*
WK	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4		WK	16.8	21.5	18.1	15.0	11.6	^*
W1 to WK change	−0.4	0.0	−0.5	−0.5	−0.5	^***	W1 to WK	−0.6	0.0	−0.4	−1.4	−0.9	^*
Carstairs Index							Midwest
W1	0.7	0.4	0.6	0.9	1.1	^***	W1	22.1	24.5	20.2	21.1	22.5
W2	0.7	0.4	0.6	1.0	1.0	^***	W2	22.0	24.5	20.4	21.0	21.9
W3	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.8	^***	W3	21.7	24.5	20.0	20.9	21.1
WK	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.8	^**	WK	21.7	24.5	20.6	20.3	20.9
W1 to WK change	−0.3	0.0	−0.4	−0.3	−0.4	^***	W1 to WK	−0.5	0.0	0.4	−0.9	−1.6	^*
Living below poverty							South
W1	13.0	11.5	12.7	13.7	14.5	^***	W1	36.1	31.5	36.3	38.0	39.2	^*
W2	12.9	11.5	12.4	13.9	14.4	^***	W2	36.3	31.5	36.4	38.6	39.6	^*
W3	12.5	11.5	11.9	13.0	14.0	^***	W3	37.2	31.5	37.4	39.6	41.4	^**
WK	12.3	11.5	11.6	12.9	13.6	^***	WK	37.3	31.5	36.8	40.7	41.7	^**
W1 to WK change	−0.8	0.0	−1.2	−0.9	−1.0	^***	W1 to WK	1.3	0.0	0.5	2.7	2.5	^**
Median Household Income (in thousands)							West
W1	44.5	47.7	46.2	43.1	40.3	^***	W1	24.4	22.5	25.0	24.5	25.8
W2	44.7	47.7	46.6	42.8	40.6	^***	W2	24.4	22.5	24.9	24.0	26.1
W3	45.5	47.7	47.1	44.6	41.7	^***	W3	24.2	22.5	24.6	24.0	25.5
WK	45.7	47.7	47.6	44.7	42.1	^***	WK	24.2	22.5	24.5	24.0	25.9
W1 to WK change	1.3	0.0	1.8	1.8	1.9	^***	W1 to WK	−0.2	0.0	−0.4	−0.5	0.0
% with College Education							Urban area
W1	23.5	25.0	25.2	22.6	20.7	^***	W1	74.8	73.2	78.0	75.0	72.7	^*
W2	23.4	25.0	25.0	22.1	21.0	^***	W2	74.2	73.0	77.4	73.8	72.0	^*
W3	23.4	25.0	24.7	22 2	21.1	^***	W3	72.5	73.0	74.9	71.0	70.2
WK	23.5	25.0	25.0	22.5	20.8	^***	WK	71.9	73.0	74.9	70.7	68.1
W1 to WK change	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.4		W1 to WK	−2.8	−0.3	−3.1	−4.0	−4.1	^**
% White							Urban cluster
W1	65.5	69.6	65.1	63.2	63.2	^***	W1	10.9	10.5	8.9	11.5	14.0	^**
W2	66.1	69.6	66.0	64.0	63.9	^**	W2	11.5	10.5	8.9	11.1	13.2	^**
W3	67.1	69.6	67.9	64.9	65.2	^**	W3	11.6	10.6	9.9	11.7	14.0
WK	67.5	69.6	68.4	65.1	66.2	^*	WK	11.6	10.4	9.9	11.8	14.8	^*
W1 to WK change	2.2	0.0	3.5	2.3	3.0	^***	W1 to WK	0.4	0.0	0.7	0.3	0.3
% Black							Rural
W1	12.7	9.8	12.6	14.5	14.7	^***	W1	14.1	16.4	13.1	13.5	13.3
W2	12.6	9.8	12 2	14.6	14.7	^***	W2	15.0	16.5	13.7	15.1	14.8
W3	12.3	9.8	11.6	14.5	14.1	^***	W3	16.0	16.5	15.1	17.3	15.8
WK	11.9	9.8	11.6	14.1	12.9	^**	WK	16.4	16.6	15.2	17.5	17.1
W1 to WK change	−0.9	0.0	−1.2	−0.5	−1.9	^**	W1 to WK	2.4	0.3	2.4	3.7	3.8	^**
% Hispanic							Believes neighborhood is very safe from crime
W1	15.4	14.3	15.6	15.8	16.0
W2	15.0	14.3	15.2	15.2	15.5		W2	51.2	57.8	51.6	48.7	45.4	^***
W3	14.5	14.3	14.3	14.8	14.8		W3	57.1		59.7	58.9	52.0	^**
WK	14.5	14.3	13.9	15.0	15.2		WK	59.1		62.7	62.9	53.6	^***
W1 to WK	−0.9	0.0	−1.8	−1.0	−0.7	^***

Source: ECLS-B (2001–2007).

Notes: Adjusted for complex sampling design. N≈6100.

⁺

p < .10

p < .05

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001