Table 3.

Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of gallbladder cancer and extrahepatic bile duct cancer incidence according to volume of green tea and coffee consumption

Variable	Person‐ years	Gallbladder cancer					Extrahepatic bile duct cancer
		Cases	IR per 100 000	HR	95% CI		Cases	IR per 100 000	HR	95% CI
					Lower	Upper				Lower	Upper
Green tea†
≤120 mL	281 864	31	11.0	1.00‡			40	14.2	1.00‡
120–360 mL	301 134	22	7.3	0.56	0.32	0.97	38	12.6	0.83	0.53	1.31
360–720 mL	300 858	40	13.3	0.88	0.54	1.45	39	13.0	0.79	0.50	1.26
>720 mL	222 371	23	10.3	0.57	0.32	1.01	28	12.6	0.69	0.41	1.15
P‐trend					0.213					0.160
Coffee
0 mL	264 093	38	14.4	1.00§			50	18.9	1.00§
0–90 mL	291 871	36	12.3	0.98	0.62	1.56	40	13.7	0.85	0.56	1.30
90–240 mL	263 824	25	9.5	0.87	0.51	1.46	23	8.7	0.64	0.38	1.06
>240 mL	266 739	16	6.0	0.80	0.42	1.50	28	10.5	0.95	0.58	1.58
P‐trend					0.431					0.452

†Green tea consumption was defined as the sum of Sencha and Bancha/Genmaicha consumption (mL/day). ‡Adjusted for age, study area, sex, body mass index, history of cholelithiasis, history of diabetes mellitus, history of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, history of smoking, drinking frequency, physical activity by metabolic equivalents/day score, total energy consumption, energy‐adjusted consumption of fish, red meat, and vegetable and fruit, and coffee. §Adjusted for age, study area, sex, body mass index, history of cholelithiasis, history of diabetes mellitus, history of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, history of smoking, drinking frequency, physical activity by metabolic equivalents/day score, total energy consumption, energy‐adjusted consumption of fish, red meat, and vegetable and fruit, and green tea. IR, incidence rate.