Table 3.

Predictors of tuberculosis reinfection 12 months or more after treatment completion—United States, 1996–2011

Outcome (Reinfection vs. Reactivation)*
Characteristic	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Value	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Value
Female sex	0.5 (0.1–1.8)	0.365	0.5 (0.1–2.1)	0.435
Living in State A for both TB diagnoses†	3.6 (1.0–11.7)	0.043	2.1 (0.5–8.3)	0.384
Born in Mexico with both TB episodes diagnosed in the United States within 12 yr of immigration‡	11.6 (2.4–63.3)	0.001	10.7 (1.7–86.3)	0.008
African birth	9.8 (1.0–124.9)	0.046	Not calculated§
HIV infection║	1.8 (0.4–6.8)	0.517	1.5 (0.2–7.1)	0.863
First TB episode treated ≥9 mo	2.6 (0.9–8.0)	0.081	1.9 (0.6–6.6)	0.363
First TB episode treatment administered exclusively by directly observed therapy	3.6 (1.0–20.0)	0.062	4.5 (1.0–29.2)	0.042

Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; TB = tuberculosis.

^*Exact logistic regression.

^†One of the four large U.S. states that report approximately half the country’s TB cases. The patient was living in that state for both TB episodes.

^‡Mexican-born persons experienced 19 of the 136 recurrences in this study. Ten of these nineteen had both TB episodes diagnosed in the United States within 12 yr of immigration (i.e., 4 of the 12 reactivations and 6 of the 7 reinfections).

^§Because of small numbers, African birth was too unstable to be retained in the final adjusted model. Only five recurrences were in persons of African birth: three were reinfections, including two with both TB episodes diagnosed in the United States within 12 yr of immigration.

^║Missing, unknown, not offered, or refused HIV test in 26 reactivations and 4 reinfections.