Table 1.
Participant characteristics at enrollment
| HIV-infected (n = 20) | HIV-uninfected (n = 20) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | Median | 30 | 24.5 |
| Range | 23–70 | 18–47 | |
| Ethnicity | Xhosa | 19 (95) | 20 (100) |
| Zimbabwean | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Sex | Male | 4 (20) | 8 (40) |
| Female | 16 (80) | 12 (60) | |
| Weight, kg | Median | 65.4 | 80.6 |
| Range | 50.1–82.7 | 51.5–121.1 | |
| Current smoking | Yes | 1 (5) | 4 (20) |
| No | 19 (95) | 16 (80) | |
| Regular alcohol* | Yes | 3 (15) | 6 (30) |
| No | 17 (85) | 14 (70) | |
| BCG | Yes | 15 (75) | 12 (60) |
| No | 0 (0) | 5 (25) | |
| Unsure/unclear | 5 (25) | 3 (15) | |
| Comorbidity† | Yes | 9 (45) | 5 (25) |
| No | 11 (55) | 15 (75) | |
| Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis | Yes | 16 (80) | N/A |
| No | 4 (20) | ||
| Vitamin treatment | Vitamin B Co-Strong | 18 (90) | N/A |
| Vitamin C | 5 (25) | ||
| Other medication in previous 3 mo‡ | Yes | 6 (30) | 3 (15) |
| No | 14 (70) | 17 (85) | |
| CD4 count, ×106/L | Median | 209.5 | N/A |
| Range | 22–498 | ||
| Log [HIV viral load (copies/ml)] | Median | 4.90 | N/A |
| Range | 3.45–6.06 | ||
| IFN-γ release assay result | Positive | 6 (30) | 10 (50) |
| Negative | 14 (70) | 10 (50) | |
| Blood neutrophil count, ×109/L | Median | 2.50 | 2.60 |
| Range | 1.05–5.73 | 1.40–5.01 | |
| Serum C-reactive protein, mg/L | Median | 2.0 | 1.75 |
| Range | <1–8.7 | <1–44.2 | |
Definition of abbreviations: BCG = Mycobacterium bovis-Bacille Calmette-Guerin; N/A = not applicable.
Data presented as n (%) unless otherwise noted.
*
Defined as at least once per week.
†
Identified comorbidities: chronic sinusitis, asthma, hypertension, diet-controlled diabetes mellitus, oral candidiasis, previous psychotic episode, chronic mildly increased alanine transaminase of uncertain cause, recent diarrhea, anemia, depression.
‡
Identified medications: salbutamol inhaler, amitriptyline, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, loperamide, nystatin, hydrochlorothiazide, other antihypertensives (unknown classes).