Table 6.

FRONTAL KNEE POSITION

NEUROMUSCULAR
DEFICIT: Active valgus during squat; increased hip adductor activation and increased co-activation of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles leads to valgus.
TARGETED CORRECTION: Remove tendency to utilize active valgus strategy during squat.
Exercise	Description	Purpose	Cue	Example
1. Wide Stance Squat	Remove teBody weight squats with 1.5–2x shoulder width. Have athlete focus on keeping knees apart	Wide stance will promote knees to track over feet and avoid valgus collapse.	"Push knees outward"
2. Band Squats	Use Theraband or practitioner's hands to encourage athlete to press outwardly against during body weight squat	A physical cue to push knees outward.	"Push knees outward"
3. Squat Jump	Perform forward countermovement jump. Land softly in deep hold position with chest up.	To promote keeping knees apart when jumping forward.	"Land with knees apart"
STRENGTH/ STABILITY
DEFICIT: Passive valgus during squat motion.
TARGETED CORRECTION: Improve hip abductor, hamstring, and gluteus strength to reduce medial knee displacement.
Exercise	Description	Purpose	Cue	Example
1. Single Leg Romanian Deadlift	Stand with feet shoulder-width apart with hands slightly more than shoulder-width apart. Move one foot slightly behind the other, holding it a few inches off the ground. With back flat, slowly lower the torso toward front foot and allow free leg to float behind you for balance. Once the weight reaches mid-shin level, push through grounded heel to return to the upright position, and repeat on the opposite leg.	To improve single leg knee stability.	"Make a 'T'"
2. Russian Hamstring Curls	Kneel on the floor with feet behind and torso up straight. Hook feet under a bench or ask someone to hold ankles down. Cross arms on chest and keep hips extended. Slowly lower down to the floor. Be prepared to catch yourself. Lower yourself forward as low as possible, and then raise yourself back up.	To improve eccentric hamstring strength.	"Lead with your hips when descending"
3. Single Leg Isometric Squat and Hold	Stand tall on one leg with line of hips parallel to the ground. Single leg squat to at least parallel and keep heel on the ground. Hold at apex of depth and return to extended knee position. Focus on keeping torso vertical and prevent medial knee movement of stance leg. Increase intensity of exercise by standing on an unstable surface.	Single leg knee stability and strengthening exercise.	"Point knee straight"
MOBILITY
DEFICIT: Joint hypomobility causing altered front plane position (i.e., valgus) during squat.
TARGETED CORRECTION: Improve range of motion of hip adductors and hip internal rotators.
Exercise	Description	Purpose	Cue	Example
1. Standing Leg Swings	In standing position, swing leg laterally from side to side.	To improve hip adductor mobility.	"Isolate hip"
2. Side Lunge	Step out with on leg laterally and perform a lunge to one side. Repeat on opposite side.	To improve hip adductor mobility.	"Keep non-lunging leg straight"
3. Carioca	Move laterally my stepping lead leg sideways and alternating the trailing leg in front of and behind the lead leg	To improve Hip adductor and internal rotator mobility.	"Maintain upright posture"