Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the cohort (n=1107) and outcome frequencies stratified by gender.
| Male n=719 | Female n=388 | Total n=1107 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | |
| Age (years) | 28.8 | 9.4 | 33.2 | 11.2 | 30.3 | 10.3 |
| Body mass index (kg/cm2) | 27.7 | 5.4 | 29.9 | 8.1 | 28.5 | 6.6 |
| Right mean grip (in kg) | 50.2 | 8.9 | 31.1 | 6.1 | 43.5 | 12.1 |
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Job Categorya | ||||||
| Construction | 447 | (62.2) | 4 | (1.0) | 451 | (40.7) |
| Service | 155 | (21.6) | 177 | (45.6) | 332 | (30.0) |
| Office/technical | 117 | (16.3) | 207 | (53.4) | 324 | (29.3) |
| Right hand dominant | 635 | (88.3) | 345 | (88.9) | 980 | (88.5) |
| Right hand grip | ||||||
| Below 1 SD | 183 | (25.6) | 77 | (20.0) | 260 | (23.6) |
| Within 1 SD | 482 | (67.4) | 264 | (68.6) | 746 | (67.8) |
| Above 1 SD | 50 | (7.0) | 44 | (11.4) | 94 | (8.5) |
| Past medical diagnosesb | ||||||
| diabetes | 14 | (1.9) | 12 | (3.1) | 26 | (2.4) |
| thyroid | 4 | (0.6) | 22 | (5.7) | 26 | (2.4) |
| arthritis | 20 | (2.8) | 15 | (3.9) | 35 | (3.2) |
| fibromyalgia | 2 | (0.3) | 3 | (0.8) | 5 | (0.5) |
| gout | 6 | (0.8) | 2 | (0.5) | 8 | (0.7) |
| Past Right UE MSD diagnosis | 141 | (19.7) | 49 | (12.7) | 190 | 17.2) |
| Tendinitis distal arm | 18 | (2.5) | 14 | (3.6) | 32 | (2.9) |
| Tendinitis shoulder | 15 | (2.1) | 6 | (1.6) | 21 | (1.9) |
| Rotator cuff | 25 | (3.5) | 3 | (0.8) | 28 | (2.5) |
| Ganglion cyst | 6 | (0.8) | 7 | (1.8) | 13 | (1.2) |
| Sprain/strain distal arm | 88 | (12.3) | 23 | (5.9) | 111 | (10.0) |
| Sprain/strain shoulder | 59 | (8.3) | 11 | (2.8) | 70 | (6.4) |
| UE symptoms baseline | 240 | (33.4) | 91 | (23.5) | 331 | (29.9) |
SD standard deviation, UE MSD upper extremity musculoskeletal disorder
Construction (sheet metal workers, floor layers, and construction workers), Service workers (housekeepers, food service workers, and hospital technician involving patient lifting, groundskeeper and maintenance workers), and Office/technical workers (computer workers, laboratory workers, engineers, and clerical workers).
Includes one or more of the following diagnoses: tendonitis of the upper extremity, rotator cuff injury, thoracic outlet syndrome, shoulder bursitis, lateral or medial epicondylitis, ulnar neuritis, wrist bursitis, ganglion cyst, Dequervain's syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, or trigger finger