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. 2015 Dec 9;146(2):318–325. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.223388

TABLE 2.

Summary of demographic characteristics and comparative analyses adjusted for kinship correlation among Alaska Native (Yup'ik) participants1

n Age, y Age-adjusted P2 B MI, kg/m2 BMI-adjusted P RBC log10(δ15N value) RBC log10(δ15N value)−adjusted P Serum 25(OH)D3, ng/mL 25(OH)D3-adjusted P
RBC log10 (δ15N value) <0.0001 7.3 × 10−10 <0.0001 <0.0001
 <0.927 353 25.7 ± 0.6 24.8 ± 0.3 0.890 ± 0.002 25.7 ± 0.6
 ≥0.927 355 36.5 ± 0.9 27.5 ± 0.4 0.984 ± 0.003 36.5 ± 0.9
Community location 2.2 × 10−11 0.39 1.0 × 10−11 3.3 × 10−11
 Coastal 402 28.1 ± 0.7 26.0 ± 0.3 0.951 ± 0.003 28.1 ± 0.7
 Inland 341 34.4 ± 1.0 26.4 ± 0.2 0.920 ± 0.005 34.4 ± 0.9
rs11023374 genotype 6.7 × 10−3 0.78 0.39 6.7 × 10−3
 Recessive 32 25.0 ± 2.3 26.5 ± 1.0 0.929 ± 0.011 25.0 ± 2.2
 Dominant 698 31.3 ± 0.5 26.2 ± 0.4 0.938 ± 0.019 31.3 ± 0.5
Age <0.0001 2.9 × 10−9 <0.0001
 <40 y 441 23.4 ± 0.4 25.2 ± 0.3 0.913 ± 0.003 <0.0001 25.7 ± 0.5
 ≥40 y 302 32.2 ± 0.7 27.7 ± 0.4 0.853 ± 0.004 39.1 ± 0.8
Gender 1.3 × 10−2 <0.0001 <0.0001 1.6 × 10−2
 Male 390 30.0 ± 0.7 24.9 ± 0.4 0.919 ± 0.004 30.1 ± 0.9
 Female 353 32.4 ± 0.9 27.7 ± 0.3 0.957 ± 0.003 32.3 ± 0.7
Overall 743 31.0 ± 0.5 26.2 ± 0.2 0.937 ± 0.002 31.1 ± 0.5
1

Values are means ± SEs of the estimate unless otherwise indicated. Mixed-effects model linear regression was performed to assess differences between subsets of participants, adjusted for a kinship matrix that reflects pedigree information relating all participants. The full set of participants (n = 743) was stratified by participant characteristics (as listed): RBC log10(δ15N value) split at the mean, inland or coastal geography of the community of participant residence, homozygous recessive genotype at rs11023374 in cytochrome P450 family 2, subfamily R, peptide 1 (CYP2R1), or at least 1 reference allele, age split at age 40 y, and gender. The δ15N value is a biomarker of traditional food intake as defined in Methods. 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.

2

z Scores are based on mixed-effects model linear regressions with outcomes data being mean values of age, BMI, log10(δ15N value), and serum 25(OH)D3 concentration between subsets of participants. P values were derived from a likelihood ratio test.