TABLE 1.

Descriptive characteristics of the study participants¹

Characteristic	Value
Age, y	27.0 ± 1.5 (24.4–30.2)
Parity	2.8 ± 1.6 (1–10)
Education, y	12.0 ± 4.2 (1–23)
Waist-hip ratio, before pregnancy	0.88 ± 0.04 (0.78–0.96)
BMI, kg/m2
Before pregnancy	21.4 ± 3.5 (14.9–34.8)
Third trimester	24.5 ± 3.4 (16.6–38.2)

¹Values are means ± SDs (range), n = 409 pregnancies from 309 women.