Fig. 5.

A model of the EPDC contribution to the CoE. ST/PE-derived endothelial cells (green) give rise to the epicardium and EPDCs (A–C) and are incorporated in intramyocardial CoA and capillary endothelium (D). Major transmural endothelial cell flows are indicated by arrow color; the arrow size estimates the frequency of the events. A, atrium; A-V, arterio–venous; CoA, coronary arteries; CoV: coronary veins; EPI: epicardium; PE: proepicardium; ST, septum transversum; SV, sinus venosus; V, ventricle.