Fig. S1.

Long-term administration of low-dose GE reverses diabetes in C57BL/6 mice with medium hyperglycemia. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were induced to develop diabetes by i.p. injection of one dose of Alloxan (70 mg/kg). At 28 d after injection of Alloxan, diabetic mice with medium (300–450 mg/dL) and high (≥450 mg/dL) hyperglycemia were selected for experiments and were treated with gastrin (3 µg/kg) plus EGF (1 μg/kg) (GE) for 56 d. Thereafter, the mice were monitored for another 56 d. The mice were monitored for body weight and blood glucose twice a week for up to 140 d. Before ending the experiments, mice were measured with an IPGTT and for insulin secretion. After ending the experiments, pancreases were harvested and stained for Insulin to measure β-cell surface. (A) Experimental scheme. (B–F) Diabetic mice with medium hyperglycemia were treated with GE and then monitored for blood glucose for 16 wk. (B) Blood glucose levels of diabetic C57BL/6 mice treated with GE or PBS control. Mice with “reversal of diabetes” had lasting stable blood glucose levels that was close to 200 mg/dL. There are 12 mice in each group combined from three experiments. (C) The percentage of body weight change (mean ± SEM, n = 12). (D) IPGTT blood glucose (n = 6). (E) Serum insulin levels before and 10 min after glucose injection during IPGTT (mean ± SEM, n = 6). (F) The percentage of β-cell surface (mean ± SEM, n = 4). (G–K) Diabetic mice with high hyperglycemia were treated with GE and monitored as described above. (G) Blood glucose levels of diabetic C57BL/6 mice treated with GE or PBS control. There are 12 mice in each group combined from three experiments. (H) The percentage of body weight change (mean ± SEM, n = 12). (I) IPGTT blood glucose (n = 6). (J) Serum insulin levels before and 10 min after glucose injection during IPGTT (mean ± SEM, n = 6). (K) The percentage of β-cell surface (mean ± SEM, n = 4). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.