Table 1. Characteristics of studies included in analysis.
| Author [Ref] | Study Design | Time of study | Sampling frame | Country | Study populations (n =) | Indicator of panethnicity | Age range (years) | Method of BP measurement (device) | RR (%) | Gender | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meade et al.[39] | PS | 1977 | FB | UK | EU(412), SSA(141) | CB | 18–49 | Not given | NR | M/W | 7 |
| Sever et al.[40] | CSS | 1978 | FB | UK | EU(62), SSA(53) | NR | 24–58 | A(Bosomat) | 55 | M/W | 7 |
| Haines et al.[30] | CSS | 1983–1986 | GPL | UK | EU(936), SSA(415) | CB | 17–70 | RZ | 61 | M/W | 10 |
| McKeigue et al.[46] | CSS | 1985–1986 | GPL | UK | EU(132), SA(121) | SR | 35–69 | RZ | 81 | M/W | 10 |
| Cruickshank et al.[31] | CSS | NR | GPL | UK | EU(101),SSA(106),SA(107) | SR | 45–74 | RZ | 77 | M/W | 8 |
| McKeigue et al.[36] | CSS | 1988–1990 | FB, GPL | UK | EU(1761),SSA(209),SA(1712) | N,CB | 45–74 | RZ | 66 EU; 62 SA; 66 SSA | M/W | 10 |
| Knight et al.[47] | CSS | 1989 | FB | UK | EU(156), SA(96) | N,SR | 20–65 | A(Copal) | 71 EU; 83 SSA | M | 10 |
| Chaturvedi et al.[32] | CSS | NR | GPL | UK | EU(585), SSA(581) | SR | 40–69 | RZ | 58 | M/W | 10 |
| Knight et al.[48] | CSS | NR | FB | UK | EU(160), SA(128) | N,SR | 20–65 | A(Copal) | 71 EU; 83 SSA | M | 10 |
| Simmons et al.[52] | CSS | 1986–1989 | PL | UK | EU(5508), SA(4395) | CB | >20 | RZ | NR | M/W | 10 |
| Cappuccio et al.[33] | CSS | 1994–1996 | GPL | UK | EU(524),SSA(549),SA(505) | SR | 40–59 | A(Arteriosonde) | 64 | M/W | 10 |
| Bhopal et al.[49] | CSS | 1993/94 EU; 1995/97 SA | GPL | UK | EU(825), SA(684) | CB | 25–74 | Manual | 64 EU; 67 SA | M/W | 10 |
| HSE 1999 [43] | CSS | 1999 | - | UK | EU(11884),SSA(719),SA(1973) | CB | >16 | - | NR | M/W | 10 |
| Whitty et al.[41] | CS | 1985–1988 | OS | UK | EU(8973), SSA(360), SA(577) | SR | 35–56 | RZ | 73 | M/W | 10 |
| Lane et al.[34] | CS | 1979/86 and 1996/97 | FB | UK | EU(2067), SSA(394), SA(226) | SR | 30–60 | RZ | NR | M/W | 9 |
| HSE 2004. [47] | CSS | 2004 | - | UK | EU(9183), SSA(675), SA(1197) | CB | >16 | - | NR | M/W | 10 |
| Agyemang et al.[42] | CSS | 2001–2003 | PL | NL | EU(508), SSA(581), SA(294) | SR | 35–60 | A(Omron M-4) | 61 | M/W | 10 |
| Lyratzopoulos et al.[50] | CSS | 1989–1999 | PL | UK | EU(9995), SA(9990) | N | 35–60 | Manual | NR | M/W | 9 |
| Glenday et al.[53,54] | CSS | 2002 | PL | NO | EU(11027), SA(1976) | CB | 31–60 | A(DINAMAP) | 40 | M/W | 10 |
| Gualdi-Russo et al.[38] | CSS | 2000–2002 | IC | I | EU(104), SSA(44), SA(78) | CB | 17–65 | Manual | 67 | M | 7 |
| Gray et al.[51] | CSS | 2004–2007 | GPL | UK | EU(4688), SA(1353) | SR | 40–75 | A(Omron) | 22 | M/W | 9 |
| Rabanal et al. [58] | CSS | 1994–2003 | PL | NO | EU(58698), SSA(183), SA(1071) | CB | 40–65 | - | 58 | M/W | 10 |
| Agyemang et al. [59] | PS | 2011 | PL | NL | EU(2097), SSA(4060), SA(2278) | CB | 18–70 | A(Microlife) | 63 | M/W | 10 |
BP = Blood Pressure; RR = Response Rate; PS = prospective study; CSS = Cross Sectional Survey; CS = Cohort Study; FB = Factory based; GPL = General practices list; HC = Health centre; PL = Population List; OS = Office staff; IC = Immigrant centres; UK = United Kingdom; NL = The Netherlands; NO = Norway; I = Italy; EU = Europeans; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africans (including populations also defined as Africans, Afro-Caribbeans, and Black Caribbeans); SA = South Asians; CB = Country of birth; NR = Not Reported; N = Name; SR = Self-reported; RZ = random zero manometer; A = automated sphygmomanometer; M = men; W = Women.