Table 3. Age, mean prevalence of diabetes mellitus, body mass index, and smoking habit by gender among South Asians and native Europeans.
| Author [Ref] | Age(range) | MEN | WOMEN | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean) | Diabetes (%) | BMI (kg/m2) | Smokers (%) | Age (mean) | Diabetes (%) | BMI (kg/m2) | Smokers (%) | ||||||||||
| SA | EU | SA | EU | SA | EU | SA | EU | SA | EU | SA | EU | SA | EU | SA | EU | ||
| McKeigue et al.[46] | 35–69 | 50.7 | 50.9 | 22.0* | 10.0* | 23.9 | 26.6 | 82.0 | 45.0 | 49.7 | 51.4 | 23.0* | 4.0* | 23.7 | 26.1 | 22.0 | 39.0 |
| Cruickshank et al.[31] | 45–74 | 62.2 | 62.2 | 31.0* | 4.0* | 25.2 | 26.2 | - | - | 60.0 | 60.3 | 28.0* | 2.0* | 26.8 | 26.3 | - | - |
| McKeigue et al.[36] | 40–69 | - | - | 19.6* | 4.8* | 25.7 | 25.9 | - | - | - | - | 16.1* | 2.3* | 27.0 | 25.2 | - | - |
| Knight et al.[47] | 20–65 | 39.3 | 41.0 | 12.7* | 4.5* | 23.8 | 25.2 | 43.8 | 43.9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Knight et al.[48] | 20–65 | 41.0 | 41.0 | 10.9* | 4.4* | 24.5 | 25.0 | 39.1 | 43.8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Simmons et al.[52] | 20–60 | - | - | 12.4* | 3.2* | - | - | 24.0 | 48.0 | - | - | 11.2* | 4.7* | - | - | 3.0 | 47.0 |
| Cappuccio et al.[33] | 40–59 | 49.4 | 49.8 | 25.0* | 7.0* | 24.8 | 25.8 | 25.2 | 39.6 | 49.4 | 49.8 | 20.0* | 5.0* | 27.1 | 26.1 | 2.9 | 33.3 |
| Bhopal et al.(Indians) [49] | 25–74 | 50.7 | 54.2 | 16.0* | 16.0* | 26.9 | 26.1 | 14.0 | 32.0 | 52.4 | 54.0 | 20.0* | 15.0* | 27.9 | 26.0 | 1.0 | 31.0 |
| Bhopal et al.(Pakistanis) [49] | 25–74 | 52.2 | 54.2 | 35.0* | 16.0* | 26.6 | 26.1 | 32.0 | 32.0 | 48.3 | 54.0 | 34.0* | 15.0* | 27.8 | 27.0 | 5.0 | 31.0 |
| Bhopal et al.(Bangladeshi)[49] | 25–74 | 47.7 | 54.2 | 17.0* | 16.0* | 25.4 | 26.1 | 57.0 | 32.0 | 48.1 | 54.0 | 13.0* | 15.0* | 26.3 | 28.0 | 2.0 | 31.0 |
| HSE 1999(Indians)[43] | >16 | 41.2 | 45.0 | 7.7** | 3.3** | 25.2 | 26.6 | 23.0 | 27.0 | 40.3 | 45.4 | 4.7** | 2.5** | 25.9 | 26.4 | 6.0 | 27.0 |
| HSE 1999(Pakistanis)[43] | >16 | 37.6 | 45.0 | 8.7** | 3.3** | 25.4 | 26.6 | 26.0 | 27.0 | 34.6 | 45.4 | 5.3** | 2.5** | 26.5 | 26.4 | 5.0 | 27.0 |
| HSE 1999(Bangladeshi)[43] | >16 | 39.2 | 45.0 | 10.6** | 3.3** | 23.8 | 26.6 | 44.0 | 27.0 | 33.9 | 45.4 | 5.9** | 2.5** | 24.1 | 26.4 | 1.0 | 27.0 |
| Whitty et al.[41] | 35–56 | 46.3 | 43.8 | 7.0* | 2.0* | - | - | 25.0 | 15.0 | 46.3 | 43.8 | 7.0* | 2.0* | - | - | 6.0 | 26.0 |
| Lane et al. [34] | >30 | 44.5 | 44.1 | - | - | 25.2 | 25.9 | 31.3 | 40.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| HSE 2004 (Indians) [44] | >16 | 43.5 | 47.4 | 10.1** | 4.3** | 25.8 | 27.1 | 20.0 | 24.0 | 41.9 | 47.2 | 5.9** | 3.4** | 26.2 | 26.8 | 5.0 | 23.0 |
| HSE 2004 (Pakistanis) [44] | >16 | 37.9 | 47.4 | 7.3** | 4.3** | 25.9 | 27.1 | 29.0 | 24.0 | 35.0 | 47.2 | 8.6** | 3.4** | 27.1 | 26.8 | 5.0 | 23.0 |
| HSE 2004 (Bangladeshi) [44] | >16 | 38.8 | 47.4 | 8.2** | 4.3** | 23.8 | 27.1 | 40.0 | 24.0 | 35.0 | 47.2 | 5.2** | 3.4** | 25.7 | 26.8 | 2.0 | 23.0 |
| Agyemang et al.[42] | 35–60 | 44.3 | 48.1 | 24.8 | 7.8 | 26.4 | 26.2 | 48.5 | 54.0 | 45.0 | 47.4 | 25.8 | 5.8 | 27.5 | 26.1 | - | - |
| Lyratzopoulos et al.[50] | 35–60 | 44.2 | 45.6 | - | - | 25.9 | 26.7 | 27.4 | 43.6 | 43.7 | 45.7 | - | - | 26.4 | 26.0 | 7.0 | 34.4 |
| Glenday et al.(Pakistanis)[53,54] | 31–60 | 45.3 | 44.6 | 11.0* | 2.0* | 27.4 | 26.3 | 37.0 | 27.0 | 43.9 | 44.3 | 14.0* | 1.0* | 29.3 | 24.8 | 5.0 | 27.0 |
| Glenday et al.(Sri Lankans)[53,54] | 31–60 | 40.1 | 44.6 | 8.0* | 2.0* | 25.7 | 26.3 | 19.0 | 27.0 | 39.5 | 44.3 | 10.0* | 1.0* | 26.8 | 24.8 | 19.0 | 27.0 |
| Gualdi-Russo et al.[38] | 17–65 | 32.6 | 37.0 | - | - | 22.8 | 25.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Gray et al.[51] | 40–75 | 53.9 | 58.7 | 6.1* | 3.4* | 26.6 | 28.2 | - | - | 52.2 | 58.5 | 4.1* | 2.2* | 28.4 | 28.4 | - | - |
| Rabanal et al.[58] | 40–65 | 46.7 | 48.6 | 14.0 | 3.0 | 26.8 | 26.9 | 28.0 | 39.0 | 46.7 | 48.4 | 15.0 | 2.0 | 29.0 | 25.9 | 2.0 | 45.0 |
| Agyemang et al.[59] | 18–70 | 45.2 | 47.3 | - | - | 25.7 | 25.2 | 39.5 | 27.0 | 46.7 | 45.5 | - | - | 26.9 | 24.3 | 18.6 | 24.2 |
BMI = body mass index; SA = South Asians; EU = Europeans.
* = Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (75 g);
** = Self-reported doctor-diagnosed diabetes.