Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Variable | Total Sample (N=1467), Mean(SD/%) | Low Health Literacy (n=275), Mean(SD/%) | High Health Literacy (n=1192), Mean(SD/%) | Chi-square/t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years; range 18–86 years) | 45.19 (12.86) | 42.54 (15.04) | 45.80 (12.23) | −3.80 | <0.001 |
| Gender | 21.66 | <0.001 | |||
| Female | 1095 (74.6%) | 175 (16.0%) | 920 (84.0%) | ||
| Male | 372 (25.4%) | 100 (26.9%) | 272 (73.1%) | ||
| Educational Level | 32.77 | <0.001 | |||
| <Bachelor’s Degree | 756 (51.5%) | 184 (24.3%) | 572 (75.7%) | ||
| ≥Bachelor’s Degree | 710 (48.5%) | 90 (12.7%) | 620 (87.3%) | ||
| Total Annual Household Income | 8.40 | <0.01 | |||
| <$50,000 | 513 (35.0%) | 112 (21.8%) | 401 (78.2%) | ||
| ≥$50,000 | 905 (61.7%) | 142 (15.7%) | 763 (84.3%) | ||
| Health Insurance in Past 12 Months | 11.19 | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1185 (80.8%) | 202 (17.0%) | 983 (83.0%) | ||
| No | 280 (19.1%) | 72 (25.7%) | 208 (74.3%) | ||
| Relationship Status | 3.75 | 0.05 | |||
| Married/living with partner | 638 (43.5%) | 105 (16.5%) | 533 (83.5%) | ||
| Not married/not living with partner | 827 (56.4%) | 169 (20.4%) | 658 (79.6%) | ||
| Health Literacy | |||||
| Low | 275 (18.7%) | ||||
| High | 1192 (81.3%) | ||||
| Smoking Status | 17.72 | <0.001 | |||
| Non-smoker | 1338 (91.2%) | 233 (17.4%) | 1105 (82.6%) | ||
| Smoker | 129 (8.8%) | 42 (32.6%) | 87 (67.4%) | ||
| Alcohol Use (drinks per week) | 2.85 (4.45) | 3.38 (5.55) | 2.73 (4.17) | 1.90 | 0.058 |
| Self-Rated General Health | 2.74 (.87) | 2.89 (.85) | 2.70 (.87) | 3.27 | 0.001 |
| Self-Reported Physical Health (SF-12, PCS) | 49.74 (9.14) | 47.65 (9.41) | 50.22 (9.02) | −2.56 | <0.001 |
| Self-Reported Mental Health (SF-12, MCS) | 50.30 (10.33) | 49.78 (10.30) | 50.41 (10.34) | −9.06 | 0.37 |
| Perceived Stress (PSS-4) | 4.59 (3.04) | 5.30 (3.02) | 4.43 (3.03) | 4.26 | <0.001 |