Table 3. Subgroup analyses for the effect of acupuncture on neurogenesis after ischemic stroke.
| Brdu (7d) |
Nestin (7d) |
PSA-NCAM (7d) |
NeuN (14d) |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | n | MD [95%CI] | P | Ad R2(%) | n | MD [95%CI] | P | Ad R2(%) | n | MD [95%CI] | P | n | MD [95%CI] | P |
| All trials | 19 | 32.85 [20.78,44.91] | 16 | 37.39 [24.69, 50.09] | 6 | 30.90 [17.39, 44.40] | 6 | 22.62 [15.16, 30.07] | ||||||
| Encephalic region | <0.001 | N/A | <0.001 | 1.21 | 0.15 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| SVZ | 10 | 31.64 [30.61, 32.67] | 9 | 56.82 [17.75, 95.89] | 3 | 61.72 [21.82, 101.61] | 3 | 4.25 [3.34, 5.17] | ||||||
| SGZ | 9 | 11.11 [10.42, 11.79] | 6 | 13.18 [7.65, 18.71] | 5 | 30.42 [16.12, 44.72] | 3 | 10.26 [9.02, 11.51] | ||||||
| Species | 0.01 | 14.33 | 0.006 | 1.99 | <0.001 | 0.22 | ||||||||
| SD rats | 10 | 18.80 [12.11, 25.50] | 6 | 11.70 [6.64, 16.77] | 5 | 1.41 [0.14, 2.67] | 3 | 6.77 [5.77, 7.76] | ||||||
| Wistar rats | 9 | 48.23 [26.68, 69.78] | 10 | 48.01 [22.56, 73.47] | 3 | 17.54 [14.27, 20.81] | 3 | 5.85 [4.75, 6.95] | ||||||
| MCAO | <0.001 | 23.17 | 0.14 | N/A | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Permanent | 4 | 7.79 [4.06, 11.52] | 4 | 19.38 [11.69, 27.08] | 2 | 9.29 [2.02, 16.57] | 1 | 1.07 −1.39, 3.53] | ||||||
| Transient | 14 | 36.01 [24.63, 47.38] | 9 | 33.10 [13.99, 52.21] | 4 | 44.19 [26.11, 62.26] | 4 | 37.50 [23.29, 51.71] | ||||||
| NR | 1 | 89.50 [87.14, 91.86] | 3 | 61.65 [8.51, 114.78] | / | / | / | / | ||||||
| Anesthetic | <0.001 | N/A | <0.001 | 6.22 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||
| Chloralhydrate | 16 | 13.73 [13.09, 14.37] | 12 | 11.43 [10.45, 12.41] | 6 | 30.90 [17.39, 44.40] | 6 | 22.62 [15.16, 30.07] | ||||||
| Pentobarbital sodium | 3 | 31.28 [30.04, 32.52] | 2 | 17.98 [16.66, 19.30] | / | / | / | / | ||||||
| NR | / | / | 2 | 15.84 [14.41, 17.28] | / | / | / | / | ||||||
| Weight (gram) | 0.79 | N/A | 0.001 | N/A | 0.11 | 0.001 | ||||||||
| > 300 | 3 | 40.02 −20.62, 100.67] | 2 | 13.06 [10.92, 15.20] | 2 | 20.32 [11.49, 29.15] | 2 | 6.35 [2.97, 9.73] | ||||||
| < = 300 | 16 | 31.51 [18.50, 44.51] | 12 | 45.40 [26.02, 64.78] | 4 | 36.07 [19.18, 52.96] | 4 | 22.28 [13.17, 31.38] | ||||||
| NR | / | / | 2 | 15.84 [14.41, 17.28] | / | / | / | / | ||||||
| Duration of treatment (min) | <0.001 | 31.16 | <0.001 | 7.70 | N/A | <0.001 | ||||||||
| > 15 | 14 | 32.85 [20.78, 44.91] | 10 | 8.18 [7.37, 9.00] | 6 | 30.90 [17.39, 44.40] | 3.56 [2.37, 4.75] | |||||||
| < = 15 | 5 | 64.82 [45.12, 84.53] | 6 | 29.46 [28.17, 30.76] | / | / | 5.33 [4.68, 5.99] | |||||||
| Baseline | 0.01 | 24.43 | 0.02 | 48.78 | 0.01 | N/A | ||||||||
| mean > 100 | 11 | 44.17 [23.32, 65.01] | 4 | 95.65 [31.27, 160.04] | 3 | 59.03 [21.78, 96.29] | 6 | 2.44 [1.23, 3.65] | ||||||
| mean < = 100 | 8 | 16.21 [10.56, 21.85] | 12 | 17.35 [12.91, 21.79] | 3 | 10.00 [−1.67, 21.67] | / | / | ||||||
P value for test for subgroup differences. Adjusted R2 for study characteristics accounting for heterogeneity. Ad, adjusted; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; N/A: not acquired; NR, no report; SGZ, subgranular zone; SVZ, subventricular zone.