Figure 1. Post-ischemic treatment with TubA (25 and 40 mg/kg) improved functional recovery and reduced brain infarct volume in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats at least three days after ischemia.

(A) MCAO rats receiving TubA spent much longer time on an accelerating rotarod compared with the untreated MCAO group. The increased neurological deficit score (B) and body tilting percentage (C) in MCAO rats were markedly attenuated by TubA treatment. (D) TubA reduced brain infarct volume in MCAO rats on Day 3 after ischemia. Brain infarction was detected by TTC staining and shown in the white areas. (E) Quantification of infarct volume. ^###P < 0.001 compared with sham control; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with MCAO group; n = 8 per group.