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. 2016 Jan 25;6:18953. doi: 10.1038/srep18953

Figure 6. Reducing agents protect against proteasome inhibitor induced death independently of glutathione modulation or inactivation of proteasome inhibitors.

Figure 6

(a) Cytochrome C in cytoplasmic fractions and caspase 9 cleavage in whole cell lysates in LN18 cells were pre-treated 30 min with 24 mM NAC or 1 mM DTT, followed by treatment with 100 nM proteasome inhibitors for 8 h (cyto C) or 16 h (caspase 9). (b) Caspase 3/7 activity in LN18 cells pre-treated with 24 mM NAC, followed by 16 h treatment with proteasome inhibitors (*p < 0.05). (c) DNA fragmentation in LN18 cells pre-treated for 30 min with NAC, DTT, or GSHee, followed by 48 h treatment with 100 nM proteasome inhibitors (*p < 0.05). (d) Levels of glutathione in LN8 cells treated for 6 h with NAC, GSHee, BSO, or BSO + NAC (*p < 0.05 compared to untreated cells). (e) DNA fragmentation in LN18 cells treated first with BSO (30 min), followed by treatment with NAC (30 min) and 48 h treatment with 100 nM proteasome inhibitors. (f) CT-L proteasome activity in cells pre-treated 30 min with NAC or DTT, followed by 4 h treatment with proteasome inhibitors. All error bars represent the standard error of the mean for N = 3 independent experiments.