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. 2016 Jan 22;6:19717. doi: 10.1038/srep19717

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(a) as a function of the thermal strain parameter for five alloys¹⁴,¹⁵,¹⁶,¹⁷,¹⁸ showing a linear relationship (b) as a function of H^3/2 for structural steel¹⁹, tool steel²⁰ and high strength low alloys steel²⁰ in welding (c) as a function of βΔT for low carbon steel¹⁵, IN 625¹⁴ and Ti-6Al-4V¹⁴ in AM.