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. 2016 Jan 22;6:19849. doi: 10.1038/srep19849

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

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Beam-shaped specimens of crown dentin with three different dentinal tubule orientations and root dentin (A), a semicircular specimen (B). Beam-shaped specimens were subjected to flexural fracture testing using three-point bending geometry (C). Appendix: Flexural strength and toughness of human crown and root dentin with different tubule orientations in the aged group (age ≥ 40; black bars; N = 14 and the young group (age < 40; white bars; N = 16). *Statistically significant differences between the aged and young groups (t-test, p < 0.05).