Table 2. Univariate and multivariate predictors of emergency medical service (EMS) use among patients with acute STEMI.
| Predictors | Univariate Crude OR (95% CI) | p-value | Multivariate Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (1-year increase) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.93 | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 0.88 (0.67–1.17) | 0.39 | ||
| Male | Reference | |||
| Education | ||||
| Primary School/Secondary School | 1.34 (1.08–1.66) | 0.01 | 1.83 (1.37–2.46) | < .001 |
| Diploma/ University/ Master /PhD | 1.74 (1.36–2.24) | < .001 | 1.42 (1.14–1.77) | 0.002 |
| Illiterate | Reference | |||
| Citizenship | ||||
| Gulf | 0.99 (0.83–1.17) | 0.87 | ||
| Non-Gulf | Reference | |||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Arab | 0.76 (0.59–0.96) | 0.023 | 0.94 (0.71–1.23) | 0.63 |
| South Asian | 0.70 (0.55–0.88) | 0.003 | 0.73 (0.56–0.94) | 0.02 |
| Other | Reference | |||
| Average household monthly income | ||||
| < $1000 | 1.19 (0.85–1.64) | 0.308 | 1.64 (1.12–2.41) | 0.01 |
| $1000–$5000 | 1.45 (1.04–2.02) | 0.031 | 1.62 (1.15–2.28) | 0.01 |
| > $5000 | Reference | |||
| Type of STEMI | ||||
| Anterior | 0.87 (0.62–1.21) | 0.41 | ||
| Inferior | 0.78 (0.55–1.09) | 0.14 | ||
| other | Reference | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.83 (0.71–0.99) | 0.04 | ||
| Hypertension | 0.89 (0.75–1.05) | 0.18 | ||
| History of MI | 0.56 (0.39–0.81) | 0.002 | ||
| History of angina | 0.46 (0.33–0.63) | < .001 | 0.51 (0.36–0.71) | < .001 |
| History of PCI | 0.49 (0.32–0.74) | < .001 | 0.62 (0.40–0.96) | 0.03 |
STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention