Table 2. Relation between immune markers and CIMT.
| Positive association | Negative association | No association | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammation | |||
| TNF- α | 2 | 1 | 7 |
| sTNFR-1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| sTNFR-2 | 0 | 6 | |
| sCD14 | 11 | 8 | |
| sCD163 | 12 | 3 | |
| MCP-1 | 2 | 6 | |
| MPO | 1 | 3 | |
| LPS | 1 | 3 | |
| Endothelial activation | |||
| sICAM-1 | 0 | 7 | |
| Coagulation | |||
| d-dimer | 1 | 6 | |
| fibrinogen | 1 | 7 | |
| tPAI-1 | 0 | 3 | |
| Other markers assessed less than 3 times | |||
| CX3CL1 | Interleukin-1β | Interleukin-8 | Interleukin-10 |
| soluble Interleukin-2 receptor | Mean malonyldialdehyde (MDA) | Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) | Neopterin |
| Osteoprotegerin (OPG) | Serum amyloid A (SAA) | serum amyloid P component (SAP) | sE-selectin |
| soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) | Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) | vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) |
1. Positive for yearly rate of change in CIMT versus baseline sCD14, cross-sectionally no association,
2. Positive correlation for total CIMT, not for bulb CIMT. CIMT carotid intima media thickness