Figure 1.

Levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 increased in patients with CE and reduced after surgery and 6-month treatment with cyclic albendazole. Concentrations of (A) sPD-1 and (B) sPD-L1 in serum samples from HC (filled circles), CE (filled squares) and AT (filled triangles) were measured by ELISA. Each spot represents one study subject and lines indicate the mean ± standard deviation. **P<0.01, comparison shown by brackets. sPD-1, soluble programmed death-1; sPD-L1, sPD-ligand 1; HC, healthy control; CE, cystic echinococcosis; AT, after-treatment CE patients.