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. 2016 Jan 26;6:2061. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02061

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Copyright © 2016 de Paula, Bicalho, Ávila, Cintra, Diniz, Romano-Silva and Malloy-Diniz.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Associations between the frequency deficits in different types of ADL and the presence of clinically significant symptoms of depression in each group. We found significant differences in frequency of impairment (partial or complete) of at least one ADL and the presence of clinically significant symptoms of depression only in the NA group. Impairment in instrumental-domestic ADL (p = 0.001, φ = 0.341), instrumental-complex ADL (p = 0.002, φ = 0.314), and ADL general (p = 0.001, φ = 0.333) were more frequent in participants with clinically significant depressive Symptoms. The association between depression and ADL was found in MCI or AD participants (effect sizes ranged from 0.004 to 0.185).