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. 2016 Jan 26;6:2061. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02061

Table 2.

Participant's scores in GDS-15 and performance in the neuropsychological factors obtained by factor analysis of the research protocol stratified by group and depression.

Group Depression Statistic GDS-15 Language semantic Episodic memory Visuospatial abilities Executive functions G-ADL self-care G-ADL domestic G-ADL complex G-ADL general
Normal aging (N = 96) Non-depressed (N = 62) M 1.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.92 7.92 7.85 25.69
SD 1.30 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.38 0.33 0.51 0.93
Min-Max 0 to 5 −3.54 to 1.39 −1.60 to 1.14 −2.62 to 1.70 −2.70 to 1.63 8 to 10 6 to 8 5 to 8 20 to 26
Depressed (N = 34) M 8.94 −0.99 −0.79 −0.87 −1.63 9.97 7.24 7.00 24.21
SD 2.80 1.26 0.77 0.99 1.25 0.17 1.28 1.92 3.02
Min-Max 6 to 15 −3.54 to 1.13 −2.72 to 0.86 −2.46 to 1.12 −5.80 to 0.90 9 to 10 4 to 8 1 to 8 15 to 26
Mild cognitive impairment (N = 85) Non-depressed (N = 63) M 2.06 −0.75 −1.30 −0.87 −1.19 10.00 7.41 6.94 24.35
SD 1.50 1.05 0.73 1.09 1.05 0.00 1.25 1.45 2.28
Min-Max 0 to 5 −3.52 to 1.05 −2.74 to 0.70 −2.70 to 2.07 −3.70 to 1.00 10 to 10 2 to 8 2 to 8 16 to 26
Depressed (N = 22) M 5.45 −0.76 −1.01 −0.76 −1.28 9.95 7.41 6.82 24.18
SD 4.08 0.67 0.66 0.90 1.09 0.21 1.05 1.56 2.56
Min-Max 6 to 13 −2.05 to 0.40 −2.19 to 0.35 −2.34 to 0.80 −3.30 to 0.30 9 to 10 5 to 8 3 to 8 18 to 26
Mild Alzheimer's dementia (N = 93) Non-depressed (N = 66) M 2.05 −1.74 −1.81 −1.62 −2.44 9.86 5.76 4.53 20.15
SD 1.39 1.22 0.64 1.06 1.04 0.52 2.11 2.53 4.00
Min-Max 0 to 5 −3.54 to 0.78 −2.78 to 0.39 −2.70 to 2.58 −5.20 to 0.40 7 to 10 0 to 8 0 to 8 10 to 26
Depressed (N = 27) M 8.19 −1.55 −1.64 −1.12 −1.79 9.59 5.70 3.93 19.22
SD 2.04 1.01 0.66 0.94 1.09 1.39 2.40 2.67 5.49
Min-Max 6 to 14 −2.85 to 0.40 −3.00 to 0.00 −2.60 to 1.09 −3.30 to 1.50 3 to 10 0 to 8 0 to 8 9 to 26

GDS-15, Geriatric Depression Scale 15-items; M, Mean; SD, Standard deviation; Min, Minimum; Max, maximum.