TABLE 2.
Popular natural products supplements with preclinical but no clinical drug interaction data
Dashes indicate no data found.
| Common Name (Latin Binomial) | Preclinical Interactions |
Clinical Interactions |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibition | Induction | Inhibition | Induction | No Effect | |
| Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) | OATP2B1 (Mao et al., 2013) | — | — | — | — |
| Cannabinoids | — | CYP1A2 (Stout and Cimino, 2014) | — | — | — |
| Dandelion (Taraxacum spp.) | CYP1A2 (Maliakal and Wanwimolruk, 2001) | UDPGT (Zhou et al., 2004) | — | — | — |
| Dong quai (Angelica sinensis)a,b | CYP1A (Lin et al., 1998); CYP3A4 (Guo et al., 2001) | CYP2D6 (Tang et al., 2006); CYP3A4 (Gurley et al., 2006) | — | — | — |
| Evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis)a | Cis-linoleic acid: CYP1A2 (Zou et al., 2002); CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 (Netsch et al., 2006) | — | — | — | — |
| Feverfew leaf (Tanacetum parthenium) | CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 (Li and Doshi, 2011) | — | — | — | — |
| Grape seed (Vitis vinifera) | OATP2B1 (Mao et al., 2013) | — | — | — | — |
| Hops (Humulus lupulus) | CYP1A2 (Yuan et al., 2014); CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 (Whitten et al., 2006) | — | — | — | — |
| Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflate)a | CYP2A1 (Paolini et al., 1999); CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 (Johne et al., 1999; Lefebvre et al., 2004); CYP3A4 (Johne et al., 1999; Gorski et al., 2004; Lefebvre et al., 2004); UGT1A1 (Guo et al., 2013) | CYP1A2 (Kent et al., 2002); CYP2B6 (Lefebvre et al., 2004) | — | — | — |
| Plant sterols (e.g., sitosterol) | MDR1 (Nabekura et al., 2008); MRP1 (Chow et al., 2006) | — | — | — | — |
| Red clover (Trifolium pretense) | CYP1B1 (Roberts et al., 2004); CYP2C8 (Liang et al., 2003; Piersen et al., 2004); CYP2C9 (Lin et al., 1998; Maliakal and Wanwimolruk, 2001) | — | — | — | — |
| Turmeric (Curcuma longa) | Curcumin: CYP1A2 (Appiah-Opong et al., 2007); CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 (Yuan et al., 2014) | — | — | — | — |
| Yohimbe (Pausinystalia yohimbe)a | CYP2D6 (VandenBrink et al., 2012) | — | — | — | — |
UGT, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.
a
Clinical interactions have been noted, as reported by Tsai et al. (2014).
b
Clinical interactions have been reported, as noted by Hu et al. (2005).