Table 4.

Risk of mortality among neonates and children living in homes using kerosene versus clean fuels by geographic region

Neonatal mortality	Child mortality
RR*	95% CI	p-value	RR*	95% CI	p-value
Unadjusted
Americas
1·08	(0·72, 1·62)	0·722	0·88	(0·49, 1·58)	0·655
Asia
1·57	(1·25, 1·96)	< 0·001	1·47	(1·06, 2·05)	0·023
North Africa and Europe
1·41	(0·77, 2·57)	0·263	3·86	(2·76, 5·39)	< 0·001
Sub-Saharan Africa
1·52	(1·27, 1·81)	< 0·001	1·39	(1·20, 1·62)	< 0·001
All study regions
1·73	(1·53, 1·94)	< 0·001	2·22	(1·97, 2·50)	< 0·001
Adjusted†
Americas
0·87	(0·52, 1·45)	0·592	0·88	(0·44, 1·74)	0·707
Asia
1·37	(1·08, 1·73)	0·010	1·01	(0·72, 1·41)	0·959
North Africa and Europe
1·04	(0·56, 1·92)	0·898	1·56	(1·10, 2·21)	0·012
Sub-Saharan Africa
1·22	(1·01, 1·48)	0·041	0·91	(0·78, 1·07)	0·264
All study regions
1·34	(1·18, 1·52)	< 0·001	1·12	(0·99, 1·27)	0·073

^*Relative risks, where values greater than 1 indicate increased risk among polluting fuel users.

^†Adjusted for maternal education, mother's age at birth, if the mother smokes cigarettes, birth order, sex of child, wealth index, urban vs. rural residence, and country of residence.